特征曲线

Macropore characteristics of main type soil--krasnozem, crimson loam, phaeozem and brown loam was firstly studied using soil section photography on the horizontal and vertical profiles in order to farther investigate the preferential transportance of soil water and solute.

中文题名土壤大孔隙特征的研究副题名外文题名 Characterizing macropores in soil 论文作者刘伟导师区自清研究员学科专业土壤学研究领域\研究方向学位级别博士学位授予单位中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所学位授予日期2001 论文页码总数165页关键词土壤物理土壤大孔隙馆藏号BSLW /2003 /S152 /2 本文应用双剖面土壤切片成像法结合土壤优先水流穿透曲线，首次研究了4种主要地带性土壤：红壤、赤红壤、黑土和棕壤的大孔隙特征。

The character of surface radiation and energy expended over soil temperature variation is that the temperature variation at surface, 5cm depth and 10cm depth are approximately sine curve on clear and cloudy day while this way the temperature variation at 20cm depth shows small extent anti-phase variation and the temperature under 50cm is no diurnal. In contrast, the temperature at 5m, 10cm and 20cm shows linear decrease and the soil-surface temperature is concaved on rainy day.

地表辐射和能量耗散反映在土壤温度变化上的特征是晴天和阴天地表、5cm、10cm的温度变化表现为准正玄曲线，20cm深处的温度变化呈现出幅度很小的反位向变化，50cm以下地温已不存在日变化特征；雨天5cm、10cm和20cm的温度呈线性递减，地表温度表现出由降雨引起的凹陷现象。

The grain characteristic of static recrystallization for the hot deformed austenites is studied in this work by using the Gleeble-1500 heat/mechanics moulding experimental set-up.

采用Gleeble－1500热／力学模拟实验机研究了中碳Cr－Ni－Mo－V钢热变形奥氏体静态再结晶晶粒特征，获得了最大晶粒平均直径和平均晶粒直径、混晶因子Z等与等温停留时间的关系曲线，以及等温停留时间对晶粒特征的影响。

The reservoir rock types in the region of interest are grain limestone, algal limestone, cryptite, siltstone, muddy limestone and mudstone. The thesis identified as a result of changes in the deposition causing the heterogeneity in plane, and then the geological oil reserves have been calculated in accordance with the areal heterogeneity.3、Based on the data of core analysis, bore logging, array induction imaging log and FMI, porosity and permeability model were built using regression analysis. Through testing 45 rock samples, a, b, m, n value were obtained and used to calculate single-layer oil saturation value using the Archie formula. According to the theory of laterolog and inductolog, resistivity ratio and cross plot were used to identification effective thickness. Effective thickness was identified delicately in 103 wells. Based on the over work, active porosity and oil saturation was calculated accurately.4、According to observation of 100 pieces of the thin slices, cast thin slices and 383m core in three wells, the chief diagenesis in this area were compaction, cementation, denudation and cataclasis. Cementation and denudation were universally influenced active porosity this area. The intergranular pores, residual pores and secondary pores were formed in thin carbonated reservoir of lacustrine facies.5、The influence of reservoir heterogeneity to reservoir calculation was analyzed systematically using actual data. And the conclusions were as follows:①The principal reason leading to oil distribution unequal is interior structural feature of reservoir in structural hydrocarbon reservoir.

确定了由于沉积微相的变化而导致的平面非均质性，进而在平面上按照平面非均质单元计算了石油地质储量。3、利用岩心分析、常规测井曲线与阵列感应、成像测井资料相结合，分岩性利用回归分析方法建立了储层孔隙度、渗透率模型；通过对45块岩样进行岩电试验，获取了a、b、m、n值，利用阿尔奇公式计算了各单层含油饱和度值；根据侧向电阻率和感应电阻率串并联特性，利用电阻率比值法与常规交会图法相结合重建了有效厚度图版，对全区103口井目的层段进行了有效厚度精细划分，通过以上工作，准确求取了储量计算单元内有效厚度参数、有效孔隙度参数以及含油饱和度参数。4、通过对研究区3口井383m岩心观察，100余块薄片、铸体薄片镜下鉴定得出：油泉子油田上、下油砂山组储层主要成岩作用是压实作用、胶结作用、溶蚀作用和破裂作用，其中溶蚀作用、胶结作用最普遍，这两种作用对有效孔隙度影响最大，以上成岩作用形成了原生粒间孔、粒间残余孔和次生孔隙(如粒间溶孔、粒内溶孔、铸模孔、晶间孔等)为主的薄层湖相碳酸盐岩储层。5、利用实际资料，系统分析了油藏非均质对储量计算的影响，认为：①对于构造油气藏而言，油气藏构造及断裂特征是造成油气分布不均的首要原因，储集条件相同的条件下，构造高部位有利于储存油气，油气在垂向的重力分异体现了油气藏内部构造的不均一特征。

Part two : Analyzed the program of dynamic signal matching, expounded the pile wave analysis program by the method of characteristics, characteristic connection detruding, the problem of initial value or edge value, piles calculating model and pile-soil system, indicated the lack of the traditional high strain dynamic signal matching program.

第二部分：对实测曲线拟合法进行分析，阐述了弹性体细长杆中纵波传播的特征线解，特征关系的推导，初值与边值问题，桩的计算模型，桩侧土模型，桩尖土模型，指出传统拟合分析程序的参数不够全面的缺点。

In order to describe the lip contours in a lip reading system automatically and fleetly,orthogonal compression transformation was applied to the feature extraction of lip contours.

为了能够自动而且快速地获取唇读系统中所必需的唇形轮廓特征，提出了将正交压缩变换的方法用于唇形轮廓的特征提取，并对得到的唇形轮廓曲线进行了分析研究。

Comparative study on two levels of population and modules of mutualspecies in the two stations demonstrates that feature index tend to diminish suchas height,tussock amplitude,size,number,density and dry weight;and thegrowth analysis index incline to increase such as RGR、ULA、chlorophyllcontent and effectiveness of plant multi-leaves of the populations and DULA、DUMR、DAGA and DRGRa of the modules;and the dynamic curves of thepopulations and the modules also tend to steadily increase along with thetemperature ascending,heat accumulation and combination between water andheat in moderate-temperature steppe from fierce fluctuation alongside naturalprecipitation in warm-temperature steppe,illustrating that the transformabletendency from increasing the numbers of tussocks and tillers in order to expandthe resource range to seize in warm-temperature steppe to steadily improve drymatter production function of the populations and the modules in moderate-temperature steppe.

两个不同热量型研究站点共有种种群与构件两个水平的比较研究表明：随纬度增加和气温降低，种群与构件高度、丛幅、大小、数量、密度和干重等特征指标趋于降低和减少，而种群RGR、ULA、叶绿素含量和植物多叶性与构件DULA、DUMR、DRGR和DRGRa等生长指标则趋于增加，种群与构件的生长动态曲线也从随天然降水而剧烈波动趋向于随气温升高、热量积累和水热配置状况而稳定增长，说明各共有种从暖温型草原区增加植物种群与构件的大小和数量以扩充资源利用范围向中温型草原稳定地提高种群与构件的干物质生产性能的方面转变的趋势；同时，物质与能量的分配也从较多地投资于繁殖器官产生大量后代以适应未来降水的不可预期变化趋向于同化系统的构建和干物质生产效能的提高以抵御低温和干旱对物种生存的威胁，充分显示出不同温度条件及其水热组合对植物种群形态结构和生长繁育模式的显著影响及其响应特征。

The micropores of the sinter has the fractal characteristic. Distribution curves of most sample sinters show clearly the subsection linear characteristic. This indicates that the micropores are the chaos substance with multi-layer and self-comparability.

烧结矿的微孔隙具有分形结构特征，大部分样品的分形曲线表现出分段线性的特征，说明烧结矿的微孔隙是具有多层次自相似性的混沌体。

We have observed the structure of these dune sands and analyzed the grain-size,surface textural features and several main chemical elements of them,the results showed that:(1) these dune sands have some eolian structure characteristics which are similar to the recent dune sands;(2) they are also similar to the recent dune sands in grain-size components,and parameters of Mz,?滓,Sk and Kg,as well as in several main chemical components;(3) the scatter plots of Mz-?滓,SiO2-Al2O3+TOFE and the probability curves of grain-size showed that these paleo dune sands are different from paleosols and fluvio-lacustrine facies but are consistency with recent dune sands;and(4) the quartz sands have well roundness and some surface textural features such as dish-shape pits,crescent-shape pits,pockmarked pits,upturned cleavage plates,siliceous precipitates and siliceous crevasses,indicating that they had been carried for a long time by the wind.

对这些沙丘砂的沉积构造观察以及粒度、扫描电镜和常量化学元素分析结果表明：(1)这些沙丘砂具有与现代沙丘砂相似的风成沉积构造特征；(2)粒度及其参数--Mz、σ、Sk和Kg，以及主要化学组分SiO2、Al2O3和TOFE也与现代沙丘砂相近；(3)Mz-σ、SiO2-Al2O3+TOFE散点图和概率累积曲线显示这些沙丘砂与萨拉乌苏组中的河湖相、古土壤差别明显，而与现代沙丘砂一致；(4)石英砂颗粒具有良好的磨圆以及碟形坑、新月形坑、麻坑、上翻解理薄片、硅质沉淀和硅质裂纹等表面结构特征，反映其曾受持久的风力搬运作用。

The present thesis construct the boundary model on carburettors which is based on themethod of characteristics. The IEM computer program for computing the wave action and ex-change gas process of the gas oline engine is accomplished by using the method of characteristics.

建立用特征线计算的代油器边界模型，利用非等墒特征线理论编制了可计算汽油机进气管内的压力波动及换气过程的计算机程序IEM，并用该程序对BJ492QA汽油机进行了计算，计算与实测的压力波曲线吻合良好，表明了该化油器边界模型及IEM的合理性。

I will endeavour to find you some assistance.

我尽力帮你找人帮忙。

At first I only know bruck is the idol of American younglings, afterwards I returned back to Taiwan ,even in Beijing last year ,I saw her poster everywhere, I was so surprised at her charm.

起初我只晓得布鲁克雷德丝是美国少男少女崇拜的偶像，后来回台湾，甚至去年在北京，居然也四处看见她的海报，才惊讶她的魅力之大。