物质的改变

The results show that all these three factors are helpful to increase the alcoholysis degree,but the influence from the amount of alkali contributes the greatest,and the influence from the reaction temperature is the least.

结果表明，三种参数的增加都会使产物的醇解度增加，其中碱物质的量比的影响最大，其次是反应时间，反应温度对产物醇解度的影响最小，几种参数对醇解反应的影响是交互的，当其中一种参数发生变化时，其它几种参数的影响能力会随之发生改变。

It is concluded that, first, geochemical data of the surface soils can clearly distinguish two kind of soils, that is, juvenile soils, for example, purple soils, which inherits most geochemical characteristics of the parent rocks or materials, and anthropic soils, the geochemical characteristics of which have been greatly changed as the results of intensive impact from variety of agricultural uses. Second, different soils have typical indicator elements association respectively due to different parent rocks or materials and utilization, such as purple soils, yellow soils (low alkali and alkaline-earth metal contents and pH value), paddy soils (high organic element and heavy metal elements contents) and fluvo-aquic soils (high rock-forming accessory mineral elements contents) and so on. Consequently, it can be suggested that elements association is an important indicator for two key factors (parent materials and anthropic activities) of soil classification. Third, some differences exist between soil genesic classification and result of cluster analysis, because geochemical characteristics of surface soils can not completely represent the foundation applying to soil genesic classification, that is, condition and process of soil-forming, and soil property.

结果表明：浅层土壤的地球化学数据能较好地用来区分两类土壤，即紫色土一类的幼年土壤（在很大程度上继承了母岩、母质的地球化学特征）和受强烈人为活动水耕、早耕熟化的土壤（外来物质的不断加人显著地改变了浅层土壤原有的地球化学性质）；(2)各类土壤因母岩母质和利用方式不同，各具明显的标志性元素组合特征，如紫色土、黄壤（低碱和碱土金属元素和pH值）、水稻土（高有机元素、肥料元素和重金属元素）和潮土等，因此，这些元素组合是土壤分类两个要素的重要参照系；(3)浅层土壤的地球化学特征不可能完整地体现成土条件、成土过程和土壤属性这三个发生分类依据，因此，聚类分析结果与发生类型之间存在一定的差异。

In the new modes of civilization started from industrialization, and on the background of globlization at present, Chinese society has gone through drastic changes materially and mentally, though misreading and misdoing about modernization do exist.

在始自工业化的新的文明模式中、在全球化背景下的中国社会，虽然还有许多关于现代化的误会和误区，但也不可改变地发生着急遽的变化，无论是物质的，还是精神的。

After cooking, ketones increase, 3-penten-2-one, 1-penten-3-one and 2-nonanone contributed the good flavor. At the same time, cooking reduced the acids and ringed compounds, which was benifical for the flavor. Although the content of aldehydes didn't change significantly, but the contents of some aldehydes, such as benzaldenyde, heptanal, nonyl aldenhyde lilac aldehyde and 4Z-heptenal, which contributed good flavor to the cooked oyster, increased.Maillard reaction was used to improve the flavor of the flavor product from oyster.

对于生牡蛎，烃类以及1-辛烯-3-醇、4-壬烯醛、2-辛醛等会对风味产生较大的影响；在煮制后的牡蛎中，酮类的数量增加，并大多贡献出美好的风味，其中3-戊烯-2-酮、1-戊烯-3-酮、2-壬酮对煮制牡蛎的风味具有好的作用：煮制会使酸类和带有不良风味的环状化合物的数量减少；醛类的数量和含量在煮制前后虽然没有太大的改变，但是苯甲醛、庚醛、壬醛、丁香醛、4-Z庚烯醛等可以产生良好风味的物质含量增加，贡献了煮制后牡蛎的美好风味。

When treat-ing the spectra, transition, scattering problems, we must use the semi-microscopicapproach. The main new conclusions in this thesis are following:We found the different shrinking effect in ∧ hypernuclei and 〓 hypernuclei, the shrink-ing effect in ∧ hypernuclei are confirmed in a recent experiment;We also found a new approach to treat the configuration mixing of ∧∧ hypernuclei and〓 hypernuclei and that the conversion process may change the spectra and widths of〓 hypernuclei;For the first time, we investigate the neutron star matter without the ∑ hyperon butwith the new meson 〓(975) and φ(1020), we found the contribution of 〓 and φ canmake the equation of state of neutron star soften, and the maximum mass of neutronstar reduces;we extract a set of optimum parameters of the optical potential for the scattering of 〓with nucleus, we found that the 〓 nucleus optical potential need a bigger imaginarypart.

本论文所取得的主要新成果是：独立揭示∧超核和〓超核的不同的收缩效应，其中∧超核的收缩效应被最新实验证实；提出了处理∧∧超核与〓超核混合态的新方法，并发现conversion过程使〓超核能谱和宽度改变；首次在中子星研究中在不包含∑超子的同时考虑新介子〓(975)和φ(1020)，并发现这可使中子星物质的状态方程变软、中子星半径变大、质量变小；独立提取了〓核光学势的一组最佳参数，并证明〓+核光学势要求一个较大的虚部。

Internal dose ones and external dose ones are concluded.(2) Biomarker of effect. It indicates those indicaters inflecting the biochemical, biophysical, behavioral, or else changes. Three types of biomarkers, early biological effect, altered structure / functon and disease, are comprised.

生物标志物是包括反映生物系统与环境中化学、物理或生物因素之间相互作用的任何测定指标，可将其分为三类：(1)接触的生物标志物，即反映机体生物材料中外源性物质或其代谢物或外源性物质与某些靶细胞或靶分子相互作用产物的含量，包括反映内剂量和生物效应剂量两类标志物；(2)效应的生物标志物，指机体中可测出的生化、生理、行为或其他改变的指标，包括反映早期生物效应、结构和功能改变(altered structure/functon)及疾病3类标志物；(3)易感性的生物标志物，即反映机体先天具有或后天获得的对接触外源性物质产生反应能力的指标。

According to depositions of nanostructured silica in plants and chemically synthesized nanostructured silica sprayed into leaves and physical properties of leaf conferred by silica depositions as well, the first step reaction of high-specific supramolecular recognition process of fungi spores and host surfaces is discussed. Nanostructured silica can alter leaf physical properties including topography and hydrophobicity and affect extracellular matrix release and formations of germ tube, appressorium and penetration peg.

初步揭示了纳米结构SiO〓与植物真菌病害发生的关系：从化学合成的纳米结构SiO〓在叶表的沉积以及沉积之后赋予植物叶片独特的物理学特性入手，详细研究了纳米结构SiO〓抑止真菌孢子和寄主表面的高度专一性的超分子识别过程的第一步反应，从而提出纳米结构SiO〓可能改变植物叶表面原有的拓扑结构和疏水等物理学特性，即形成特殊的双亲性表面，影响真菌胞外物质的释放和芽管、附着胞及侵染钉的形成，阻断真菌孢子早期的侵染过程，从而确定靶向的真菌病害的控制措施。

Through the angle of culture, the business of Wuyi tea in Russia between 18th century and the middle of 19th, is not only the expansion of business route, the channel of wealth, and the transformation of European daily life, but also a process in which this business has acquired a new authenticity after the object leaves its original soil and remoulds in the foreign context.

从文化视野里来看18-19世纪中叶的武夷茶叶在俄罗斯的商贸流动，它就不仅仅只是一条商路的拓展、财源的通道或者仅仅是欧洲日常生活习惯的改变，而应将其向海外的流动视为物质离开其原生型土壤，经过异域语境的重塑后而获得一种新的&本真性&的过程

Moreover, strong anisotropy is observed in the north and southcentral Tien Shan. Fast Pn velocity in the southcentral Tien Shan is nearly in NS directions, which is consistent with the SKS wave anisotropy concerning mantle flow. However, fast Pn velocity directions in the northcentral Tien Shan show a southward rotation variation. We estimate that it is probably related to the inserting of the crust of the Chu basin from the southern Kazakhstan platform to the central Tien Shan, which caused a change of stress fields and lithosphere deformation.

中天山北部和南部的各向异性也存在一定的差异，南部各向异性的快波方向为近南北方向，与SKS波的各向异性特征基本一致，反映了地幔物质的迁移方向；北部各向异性的快波方向呈向南凸出的旋转趋势，估计与哈萨克地台南缘楚河盆地地壳块体向天山挤入造成应力场的改变和岩石层变形有关。

We may site Proudhon's Philosophie de la Misere as an example of this form.

这种社会主义的另一种不够系统、但是比较实际的形式，力图使工人阶级厌弃一切革命运动，硬说能给工人阶级带来好处的并不是这样或那样的政治改革，而仅仅是物质生活条件即经济关系的改变。

As she looked at Warrington's manly face, and dark, melancholy eyes, she had settled in her mind that he must have been the victim of an unhappy attachment.

每逢看到沃林顿那刚毅的脸，那乌黑、忧郁的眼睛，她便会相信，他一定作过不幸的爱情的受害者。

Maybe they'll disappear into a pothole.

也许他们将在壶穴里消失