物理过程

Studying the chemical balance,energy balance and material balance in the gasification process and probing into the interaction in the gasification process and law of changing offer a theoretical foundation for gasification control. Through the materialization nature of coal, the gasification characteristics of the deoxidize zone are mainly studied (the dynamics characteristics and chemical characteristics). Probing into coz deoxidize mechanism ?establishes the theoretical foundation for the proposition of mark gas;the Principle to adjust and control temperature and applying methods is studied;the physical and mathematical models of underground gasification are set up;A temperature field in the district of gasification is set up and the instance analysis of computer analogue simulation machine has been carried out.

本文通过探讨"三带"基本特征，进而对煤炭地下气化的过程稳定进行研究；研究气化过程中的化学平衡、能量平衡及物料平衡，探讨气化过程中各组分之间的相互关系及变化规律，为气化调控提供理论依据；通过煤炭的物化性质，重点研究还原带的气化特征，分析探讨还原机理，为标志气体的提出奠定理论基础；研究以标志气体为核心的调控升温气化原理及实施方法；建立地下气化的物理模型与数学模型；建立气化盘区温度场，并进行计算机模拟仿真的实例分析。

The paper first constructs the relating technology framework between coal low temperature self-heating thermal properties parameters and spontaneous combustion, by means of testing on coal samples of diffusibility relative to oxygen, gas-producing simulation in self-ignition process, adiabatic oxidation process, coal spontaneous combustion processing simulation, coal basic physical and chemical parameters, thermal analysis by differential scanning calorimeter , differential thermal analyzer , Thermogravimeter .

通过对试验煤样进行煤对氧的扩散特性试验、煤自然发火过程中气体产物模拟实验、DSC差示扫描量热热分析测试、DTA与TG热分析测试、煤自然发火绝热氧化过程试验、煤自然发火过程模拟试验、煤基础物理化学参数测试的试验研究，就煤对氧的扩散与吸附特性、煤自燃氧化过程中的热力特性与气体产物特性及其与煤自然发火过程之间的相关特性进行了较系统的研究，初步建立了煤低温氧化自热热物理特性参数与煤自然发火之间相关联的技术内涵。

The contents of the study on Earth environment and life processes include (1) chemical, physical and biological processes under the interactions between Earth environment and life processes, and the interactions among geosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere and biosphere;(2)distinguishing the contributions of the human activities and natural processes to global change;(3)evaluating the possible impacts of climatic and environmental changes on life processes and its feedbacks;(4)discovering the adaptation of life processes to Earth environment and its adjustment mechanism.

地球环境与生命过程研究的内涵就是研究地球环境与生命过程相互作用中的各种化学、物理、生物过程，以及其在地圈、水圈、大气圈、生物圈各子系统之间发生的相互作用，增进对地球系统的理解和认识，区分人类活动与自然过程在全球变化中的作用，评估气候与环境变化对生命过程的影响及其反馈作用，揭示生命过程对于地球环境的适应性及其调控机理，为科学地管理地球，确保地球系统的可持续发展提供依据。

Optimization of well pattern measurement and calculation of new area in Jiangsu oilfield;2. The overdevelopment of new area s following the rapid growth of China's cities resulted in worsening condition of the physical environment.

针对当前我国城市迅速发展过程中城市新区开发过热现象，以及伴随此现象所带来的新区物理环境恶化状况，有必要对城市新区开发的物理环境影响变化进行开发前的系统性预测研究，也有益于城市新区及城市整体物理环境的可持续发展。

After an analysis of the enlightenment and guidance of correspondence principle on the physics thought and methodology in the course of proposing quantum theory and the establishment of quantum mechanics, this article discusses the ideological connotation and puts forward the belief that correspondence principle reflects the fact that when substance can be neglected within certain limits, the physics model with universality is tending to become similar to that with particularity.

分析了在量子论的提出和量子力学的建立过程中，对应原理在物理思想和方法论上的启发和指导作用；讨论了对应原理的思想内涵，认为对应原理反映了当物质的某些属性在极限情况下可以忽略时，普遍性的物理模型趋同于特殊性的物理模型，普遍性的理论可以过渡到特殊性的理论，在结论上趋同于特殊性的理论。

Means to set up a physics model and requests for abstraction, association, supposition , analogism, and so on in the process of setting up the model flexibly and vividly to meet and put forward in the light of the importance of physics model, which can partly promote the development of the thinking science and have important realistic meaning to the teaching research.

针对建立物理模型的重要性，提出了如何建立物理模型以及我们在建立物理模型的过程中要灵活地运用抽象、联想、假设、类比等方法。

Dynamic cutting force is a basic parameter and it directly influences relative displacement between tool and workpiece, tool wear and surface quality in turning operation. Therefore, simulation model of dynamic cutting force is an important part of machining physical simulation research. Cutting force models commonly used are empiristic equations. These equations are often based on statistical analysis of machining data, obtained via changing one or more machining parameters, whilst fixing others. But a complete turning process and nature of force can not be accurately described by means of these models.

动态切削力是切削加工过程中的基本参数，其动态变化直接影响加工过程中刀具与工件的相对位移、刀具磨损和表面加工质量等，因此动态切削力的预测仿真建模是切削过程物理仿真研究的基础，但是目前大多使用经验公式描述动态切削力，这些经验公式多少存在一些不足，难以完全真实地反映在整个切削过程中力的变化历程和变化特点。

In this paper, two assemblies of special test equipments have been designed and fabricated by authors in our laboratory: namely Catalyst Molding Process Analyzer and Catalyst Mechanical Process Tester. These new skills are developed for the dynamic studies on whole mold forming process and crushing process of Fe-Cr WGHS catalyst pellet. Based on the orthogonal experimental design, the effects of some factors during the forming process of solid catalyst, such as predensification proportion, calcination time, calcination temperature and content of graphite on the mechanical strength of catalyst pellets are systematically examined, and the molding conditions have been optimized. Based on the experimental data, the relationship between catalyst density and forming pressure are educed, and the physical significances of some related parameters are described. The parameter of macro scopic elastic moduls has been suggested to character the mechanical properties of molding catalyst. The effects of molding pressure on mechanical properties of catalyst pellets are discussed, and results show that there exists a optimal molding pressure for the ideal mechanical properties: when over-high or over-low pressure is applied, the specific surface area and side crushing strength of catalyst pellets will decreased. The "rebound effect" will be undermined by the unsuitable pressure maintain process, resulting in the apparent decrease of mechanical strength of catalyst pellets.

本研究通过自行设计制造的催化剂模压成型过程分析仪（Catalyst Molding Process Analyzer， CMPA）和催化剂力学性质测试仪（Catalyst Mechanical Properties Tester， CMPT），以Fe-Cr系高温变换催化剂片剂为研究对象，对成型过程和受压破碎过程提供了全过程动态研究的新手段；本研究利用正交实验设计方法考察了固体催化剂成型过程中诸因素（包含预密致比例、煅烧时间、煅烧温度和石墨含量等）对催化剂成型体强度的影响，并对成型条件进行了优化；根据实验结果，关联确定了固体催化剂成型过程中的密度－压力关系式，并对方程中诸因子的物理意义进行了描述；提出了一种利用宏观弹性模量来表征成型催化剂的力学性质的方法；研究讨论了成型压力对催化剂成型体强度性质的影响，结果表明：对于催化剂成型体的强度和比表面性质，成型压力存在着一个最佳值，过高的成型压力会导致比表面积和侧压强度的降低；不适当的成型压力的维持时间会破坏&压力回弹&作用，造成催化剂成型体的机械强度明显降低。

The structure and microstructure changes of electrode active materials,β-Ni2 and AB5 alloy, during the charge and discharge processes have been studied detailed by means of X-ray diffraction. Physical behavior of electrode active materials and the physical conductive mechanism have been discussed.

借助X射线衍射等方法，研究了MH/Ni电池在充放电过程中电极活性材料β-Ni2和AB5合金的结构和微结构变化，进而讨论了两种电极活性材料在充放电过程中的物理行为和导电的物理机制。

Effects of arc welding processes,welding parameters as well as chemical compositions and mechanical properties of the base metal on arc efficiency ,melting efficiency and heat input for fusion welding processes are analyzed.

介绍了电弧焊过程热效率的物理含义及熔焊过程热效率的研究概况，比较了不同熔焊过程的热效率，分析了焊接方法、焊接参数及母材成分与性能对熔焊过程的电弧热效率、熔化效率及焊接热输入的影响规律。

Neither the killing of Mr Zarqawi nor any breakthrough on the political front will stop the insurgency and the fratricidal murders in their tracks.

在对危险的南部地区访问时，他斥责什叶派民兵领导人对中央集权的挑衅行为。

In fact,I've got him on the satellite mobile right now.

实际上 我们已接通卫星可视电话了