物理化学的

With the development of science and technology, sensitive, rapid, reproducible, simple and accurate analytical methods are required for the determination of trace elements in geological, biological and environmental samples. The direct determination of extremely low concentration of trace element with modern atomic spectroscopic method, such as atomic absorption spectrometry is so difficult. On one hand, the limitations are associated not only with the insufficient sensitivity of these techniques but also with matrix interference.

随着科学技术技术的发展，在进行地质、环境、生物等样品中痕量金属元素的测定时，常常要求达到ppb级的水平，虽然火焰原子吸收分光光度法具有很高的灵敏度，但是要直接测定这些样品中的痕量组分却很难，这是因为，一方面，样品本身的物理化学状态有的不适合直接测定，或组分的含量低于分析方法的灵敏度；另一方面是存在基体干扰。

The main works of this paper are as follows:(1) The various methods for determining the cryolite ratio of electrolyte were summarized and compared. The phase constituents of aluminium electrolyte system were studied, the various cryolite ratio definitions for this reason were discussed.

本文研究和测定了工业铝生产中与电解质相关的几项重要的物理化学参数，包括铝电解质分子比的测定研究，氧化铝溶解性能的研究及测定，氧化铝浓度的测定及工业铝电解槽氧化铝浓度—槽电阻曲线的绘制，铝在电解质中溶解度的研究及测定。

The research shows that in the Yinggehai basin, the formation of CO_(2) reservoir which is crust-sourced and crust-mental-mixed-sourced, mainly controlled by local action of hot fluid in the mud diapir area which is multi terms and multi zones and by physical-chemical mechanism of very thick marine calcareous sandstone and mudstone of Pliocene-Miocene. The volcano- and mantle-sourced CO_(2) in the Qiongdongnan basin and Pearl River Mouth basin is mainly controlled by volcanos activities and by the exist of large faults which reached to base to connect the gas from the mantle. According to different mechanism ang formation of reservoir os the the crustal rock-chemical genesis and volcano-and mantle-sourced CO_(2), we can follow the source of it, analysis and predict the migration and accumulation and distribution model of gas and espacially CO_(2), so as to help to make the plan of petroleum exploration and reduce the risk of exploration.

认为：莺歌海盆地壳源型及壳幔混合型CO2的形成及富集成藏，主要受控于泥底辟热流体晚期分层、分块和多期的局部上侵活动，和巨厚的上新统—中新统海相含钙砂泥岩的物理化学综合作用，且CO2运聚分布规律亦具多期和分层、分区的特点；琼东南盆地东部及珠江口盆地火山幔源成因型CO2则主要受控于幔源型火山活动和沟通深部气源的基底深大断裂的导气配置作用，CO2运聚富集规律与幔源型火山活动及深大断裂的发育展布密切相关，CO2主要来自地壳深部幔源火山活动所伴生的大量CO2；因此，根据壳源岩石化学成因型CO2与火山幔源成因型CO2不同成因机理及成藏条件，可以追踪CO2气源，可分析和预测天然气尤其是CO2的运聚分布规律，可为天然气勘探部署及决策提供依据，可减少和降低勘探风险。

The study shows that in various continental downfaulted basins in eastern China,the China East Sea basin of the southeast sea region and the continental shelf—Qiongdongnan basin and Zhujiangkou basin—of the northern South China Sea,CO2 in CO2 reservoirs and CO2-rich oil/gas reservoirs is of typical volcanic mantle-derived type and that its migration and concentration is mainly controlled by mantle-derived volcanism and gas-conducting distribution of deep basement faults connected with the gas source at depth. CO2 is mainly sourced from substantial amount of CO2 associated with mantle-derived volcanism at the deep level of the crust. CO2 in the CO2 reservoirs and CO2-rich oil/gas reservoirs in the Yinggehai basin on the continental shelf of the northern South China Sea is of crust origin and crust-mantle mixing origin and mainly controlled by local,layer-by-layer and zone-by-zone,multiple intrusion of late hydrothermal fluids in mud diapir areas and physico-chemical processes of very thick Pliocene-Miocene marine calcareous sandstone and mudstone.

研究表明，中国东部陆上诸断陷盆地与东南沿海海域的东海盆地及南海北部大陆架琼东南盆地和珠江口盆地CO2气藏及高含CO2油气藏中，CO2均属典型的火山幔源型成因，其运聚富集主要受控于幔源型火山活动与沟通深部气源的基底深大断裂的导气配置作用，CO2气源主要来自地壳深部幔源火山活动伴生的大量CO2；南海北部大陆架西区莺歌海盆地CO2气藏及含CO2油气藏中的CO2，属于壳源型及壳幔混合型成因，主要受控于泥底辟热流体晚期分层分块多期的局部上侵活动与沉积巨厚海相含钙砂泥岩的物理化学作用，其运聚分布具多期和分层分区的特点。

The paper first constructs the relating technology framework between coal low temperature self-heating thermal properties parameters and spontaneous combustion, by means of testing on coal samples of diffusibility relative to oxygen, gas-producing simulation in self-ignition process, adiabatic oxidation process, coal spontaneous combustion processing simulation, coal basic physical and chemical parameters, thermal analysis by differential scanning calorimeter , differential thermal analyzer , Thermogravimeter .

通过对试验煤样进行煤对氧的扩散特性试验、煤自然发火过程中气体产物模拟实验、DSC差示扫描量热热分析测试、DTA与TG热分析测试、煤自然发火绝热氧化过程试验、煤自然发火过程模拟试验、煤基础物理化学参数测试的试验研究，就煤对氧的扩散与吸附特性、煤自燃氧化过程中的热力特性与气体产物特性及其与煤自然发火过程之间的相关特性进行了较系统的研究，初步建立了煤低温氧化自热热物理特性参数与煤自然发火之间相关联的技术内涵。

The oil sewage disposed process is a complex disposal technique. The disposal process is more difficult for the change of PH Flux temperature of raw water and the other polluted quality. At present the disposed water by the system of oil of sewage is unstable and high cost. Now the method for the oil of sewage have physics chemistry physical chemistry and biology etc. In the every disposed method has its own specially, Basis of the oil sewage condition of power plant. The text use chemic method. Another word is method of Flocculation-deposition. Injecting Dosage into sewage. Making small suspends grain and the electrophorus colloid gather into bigger colloid and deposit. Separated it from water and purify the oil sewage. Make disposed oil water up to grade.

含油污水处理工艺是一个复杂的处理过程，在处理过程中由于受到原水浊度、PH值、配水流量、原水温度和其他水质污染等因素的影响，处理难度相当大，现时的含油污水处理系统普遍存在处理后的水质不稳定和处理成本高等问题，国内外含油污水处理采用的方法有物理法、化学法、物理化学法和生物法等，每种处理方法都有自己的特点，结合电厂含油污水的情况，本文主要采用化学法，具体来说是采用絮凝沉淀的方法，通过向废水中投加混凝剂，使细小的悬浮颗粒和带电胶体微粒聚集成较大颗粒而沉淀，使其与水分离，使含油污水得到净化，使处理后的废水各项指标达到排放标准。

Water-rock interaction demonstrates that, a gold-boring formation , i. e., a set of light metamorphic clastic gritstone, sandy slate, and tuffaceous slate in Wuqiang Runnel Formation, Ban Stream Group, act as the source of gold deposits in South-West Hunan. The gold is originally derived from volcanic eruption materials in Wuling-Xuefeng period; for the typical single gold deposit such as Mobin, which is short of sulphide, chlorine is very important in the metallogenic process; sulphur and chlorine perform as the major negative ions to form complex ions with Au throughout the gold activation and migration movement. The complex ion of chlorine and gold may keep stable in a wide range of temperature; the physical-chemical conditions in typical geothermal fluid system are of deciding significance for gold activation, migration and precipitation.

特定体系的水岩实验证实了漠滨及整个湘西南金矿的成矿元素Au和伴生元素主要源于赋矿围岩-板溪群五强溪组的一套浅变质碎屑砂岩、砂质板岩和凝灰质板岩；首次突破传统认识，证明氯在中低温热液体系中能与Au形成稳定络合物的形式进行运移，因此氯在本区Au成矿过程中起着相当重要的作用；成矿热液流体中Au主要以金硫、金氯络合物形式在溶液中迁移，阴离子∑S、Cl〓对金的活化、迁移及沉淀起主导作用，Au的伴生元素As、Sb在热液体系中与Au形成金锑、金砷络合物有利于金的进一步活化、迁移及沉淀；中低温热液流体成矿过程中，体系的物理化学参数对Au的活化、迁移及沉淀富集起决定性作用。

The water activities and osmotic coefficients have been determined at 25 ℃, over the range of concentrations from diluted up to saturated with respect to the solute of NaCl for the synthetic salt lake brine Li Na K Mg Cl SO 4 H 2O systems by isopiestic method using an improved apparatus.

根据我国青海一里坪和东台吉乃尔盐湖晶间卤水Li Na K Mg Cl SO4 H2 O体系的组成制备了两种合成卤水储备溶液，采用等压法和改进的实验装置在 2 5℃下，从稀释到溶液中溶质NaCl达到饱和的浓度范围，对合成卤水溶液进行了等压测定，确定了它们的水活度aH2 O，和渗透系数φ；比较了两种卤水的热力学性质及其变化的规律，揭示了其天然卤水浓度差异的物理化学成因。

Migration of radioactive nuclides in groundwater of porous media is controlled not only by groundwater hydraulics, but also by many other physical, chemical processes. Nuclides transport model coupled chemical equilibrium action is to join convection-dispersion model and multicomponent chemical equilibrium model, it is different from traditional transport model based on K〓 completely in theory.

地下水中核素在多孔介质的迁移过程不仅受到水动力的控制，还受到多种物理化学作用的影响，耦合平衡化学作用的核素迁移模型就是把对流—弥散模型与多组分化学平衡模型有机地结合起来，这种模型与传统的基于K〓值的核素迁移模型在理论上是完全不同的。

The crystallization during smelting and sequentially secondary metal-bearing minerals formed from weathering controlled the release of heavy metals in the waste residues.

土法炼锌特定的工艺导致的重金属在高温物理化学条件下的结晶行为，以及风化过程形成的含重金属碳酸盐类矿物相和次生风化矿物对重金属的释放迁移有重要意义。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。