物理主义

The methods based on dualism are: the argument of analogy, hypothesis-deduce, cloud chamber imprint analogy, etc; while the methods based on monism are: logical behaviorism,being of Strawson, methological behaviorism, physicalism, etc. Since the 20 century, concerning the other minds problem, certain important achievements and empirical material were offered along with the great development made by modern scientific technology (esp. the Neurobiology, cognitive neuroscience,and the measuring and testing techniques of brain), the knowledge combination and intersecting cooperation research done by philosophers and biological scientists.

对于他心问题的解决方案，建立在二元论基础上的方法有：类比法，假说—演绎证明与"云室"痕迹类比等；建立在一元论基础上的方法有：分析行为主义，斯特劳森的人论，心理学行为主义，物理主义等。20世纪以来，随着现当代科学技术（尤其是神经生物学、认知神经科学和大脑测试技术等）的深入发展，哲学家与生命科学家的知识联姻和交叉合作研究，提供了关于他心问题的若干重要成果和实证资料。

I shall be arguing that this is a mistake, and that predicate dualism – the failure of reduction – is a threat to physicalism because the irreducibility of the special sciences in general implies that the mind is not an integral part of the physical realm with which those sciences deal.

我将指出这是错的，述谓二元论是物理主义的一个威胁，因为一般来说'科学的非还原性'蕴涵'心灵不是这些科学所需要处理的物理领域的一个部分'。

I shall be arguing that this is a mistake, and that predicate dualism–the failure of reduction–is a threat to physicalism because the irreducibility of the special sciences in general implies that the mind is not an integral part of the physical realm with which those sciences deal.

我将论述这种观点是不正确的，这种谓词二元论对于物理主义是一种威胁，因为特殊科学的还原性通常暗含着心灵不是由科学处理的物理领域的重要组成部分。

To take the "nothing but" condition to be an implicit claim of microphysics would be to build the thesis of physicalism into microphysics, which philosophers such as Jackson and Chalmers, who reject physicalism, should be reluctant to do.

要把"只有"条件作为微观物理的蕴涵，需要把物理主义主张建设到微观物理学上，而这诸如Jackson 和 Chalmers这些拒绝物理主义的哲学家，会难以做到这个。

The influence of physicalism upon contemporary Philosophy of Mind is demonstrated in different respects.

波兰德在《物理主义》一书中指出：物理主义是一种给予物理学以专门特权的统一方案。

Recall that Jackson's definition of physicalism recognized the possibility of a world that is a microphysical duplicate of the actual world, while also containing some additional nonphysical substances and properties.

回顾一下Jackson对物理主义的定义，认为现实世界之微观物理的副本世界，也包含一些额外的非物理实体和属性。

Unity was connected with physicalism through the thesis that "the total language covering all science can be constructed on a physicalistic basis".

科学的合一是由物理主义透过以下的命题联系达致的：「一个涵盖所有科学的总语言可以建构於物理主义的基础之上」。

Jackson and Chalmers argue that a priori conceptual analysis in terms of basic physics (microphysics, in the terms that Chalmers uses and we will adopt) is required for a defense of the thesis of physicalism, and for the possibility of a physicalist explanation that closes the explanatory gap.

Jackson and Chalmers认为，基于基础物理（按Chalmers的使用和我们愿意使用的，就是微观物理）的先天概念分析，必要于对物理主义主张的捍卫，也必要于用物理主义解释来闭合解释鸿沟的可能性。

Can a physical thing have non-physical properties—might it be that mental properties like "thinking of Vienna" or "perceiving redly" are non-physical properties of physical organisms?

物理主义会不会导出精神事件和事态不能是真正的原因（即，物理主义是否导出某种类型的副现象论）？

This is a thesis about some objections to knowledge argument, which are made by physicalists to solve the problem of qualia. Through the discussion of these responses, we can see how the contemporary physicalists deal with this thorny problem.

这是一个关於物理主义反驳感质问题的论文，藉著讨论感质问题的代表性论证：知识论证，突显出当代物理主义如何回应这一个棘手的问题。

I didn't watch TV last night, because it .

昨晚我没有看电视，因为电视机坏了。

Since this year, in a lot of villages of Beijing, TV of elevator liquid crystal was removed.

今年以来，在北京的很多小区里，电梯液晶电视被撤了下来。