物物交换

In some places, animals are more important than money as a means of barter.

在一些地区，动物作为物物交换的手段比钱更重要。

But without the disposition to truck, barter, and exchange, every man must have produced to himself every necessity and conveniency of life

然而，人类如果没有互通有无、物物交换和互相交易的倾向，各个人都须亲自生产自己生活上一切必需品和便利品。

It was in the cities that the elements that can be associated with modern capitalism first appeared – the use of money and commercial paper in place of barter, open competition in place of social deference and hierarchy, with an attendant rise in social disorder, and the appearance of factories using coal or water power in place of independent craftspeople working with hand tools.

城市中，和现代资本主义关联的因素首先出现，他们是钱和贸易纸币的使用代替物物交换、伴随着一个社会混乱的上升，开放的竞争代替社会顺从和阶级、使用煤和水能源的工厂出现代替独立的手工艺人的手工工作。

The use of money and commercialpaper in place of barter, open competition in place of social deferenceand hierarchy, with an attendant rise in social disorder, and theappearance of factories using coal or water power in place ofindependent craftspeople working with handtools.

城市中，和现代资本主义关联的因素首先出现，他们是钱和贸易纸币的使用代替物物交换、伴随着一个社会混乱的上升，开放的竞争代替社会顺从和阶级、使用煤和水能源的工厂出现代替独立的手工艺人的手工工作。

Three Texas drovers met on the highway and proceeded to dicker as follows: Says Hank to Jim:"I'll give you six pigs for a hoss; then you'll have twice as many critters in your drove as I will have in mine."

得克萨斯州的三个贩子在公路上碰头，打算进行下述的物物交换。汉克对吉姆说："我用6 头猪换你1 匹马，那么你的牲口数将是我所有牲口数的2 倍。"

We can't live as it was primeval. No labour exchange, no egality. If it did, who had experienced? Who knows it essential?

那种原始的生活，物物交换人人平等，那种社会现代的人真正经历过吗，真正能研究得透它们的本质吗？

After contrastive research on correlative monetary theories, we will draw conclusions that money was consequentially created is not only for overcoming the difficulty of labour exchange, but for meeting the need of a demand which possess integrated monetary fuctions .

货币理论应以货币职能的研究为基本点，货币的产生应该源于经济对具有货币职能的物质载体的需求，在分工和私有产权制度下，货币的产生除了为了克服物物交换的不便外，还有为同时满足经济对其他货币职能的需求。

You see, he traded his lyre for Apollo's cow,and this reflected the primitive3 mode of trade.

你可知道，他用里拉琴换取阿波罗的牛，这就是早期物物交换的贸易形式。

The structure of Deng Ta Community is non-profit andrelies on volunteer work. Membership, as well as most activities,is free of charge. As much as possible, no money is involved: wewant to promote a moneyless society. However, donations areaccepted in order to cover basic running expenses.

灯塔成长社区是非盈利性的组织，主要依靠志愿者工作，因而绝大多数的活动应该是免费的，尽可能少的卷入物质和金钱关系，我们希望提供一个非物质的社区（我们欢迎和鼓励成员之间的物物交换，这一工作可以通过有组织的清晰的途径进行）。

Develops from primitive society's barter transaction to Ming midlle and later period take the silver as the standard currency system, during has experienced the long course.

从原始社会的物物交换发展到明中后期的以白银为本位的货币体系，其间经历了漫长的历程。

In the negative and interrogative forms, of course, this is identical to the non-emphatic forms.

。但是，在否定句或疑问句里，这种带有"do"的方法表达的效果却没有什么强调的意思。

Go down on one's knees;kneel down

屈膝跪下。。。下跪祈祷