物物交换

The study on the hardening mechanism of the soft soil with the materials shows that the hardening procedure can be divided into three stages:(1). Hydrating and dissolving stage, when material A and material B of the high-water-content and quick-setting materials respectively dissolve and balance in water.(2). Gel and consolidating stage, when the materials hydrate into calcium crystal and the ion exchange and aggregation of soil particles occur in an alkaline environment.(3). the structure developing stage, when the calcium crystals connect each other, absorb and crystallize the water around; the hydrate remnants, calcium hydroxide, carbonate continuously in water and in the air.

本文对高水速凝材料-软土硬化机理的研究表明，高水速凝材料-软土的硬化过程可分为三个阶段：①水化溶解阶段：主要为高水速凝材料的甲、乙料分别与水的溶解、维持平衡阶段；②胶凝固化阶段：主要为高水速凝材料的水化反应生成钙矾石晶体以及土颗粒在碱性环境中发生离子交换和团粒化作用；③强度增长阶段：钙矾石晶体相互连接，大量吸收周围环境中的水分，并将水分变成自己的结晶水；水化残余物氢氧化钙在水中和空气中发生碳酸化作用。

The SMPEES copolymers have high ion exchange capacity because of o-methylhydroquione itself simple structure,which results in a high proton conductivity in reactively low degree of sulfonation...

发现邻甲基对苯二酚结构单元的存在，使聚合物具有较高的离子交换容量，从而使低磺化度的共聚物具有相对高的质子传导率。

The SMPEES copolymers have high ion exchange capacity because of omethylhydroquione itself simple structure, which results in a high proton conductivity in reactively low degree of sulfonation.

发现邻甲基对苯二酚结构单元的存在，使聚合物具有较高的离子交换容量，从而使低磺化度的共聚物具有相对高的质子传导率。

Producted RF and CRF aerogels by process of sol-gel technics, dynamic-exchange, CO2 supercritical drying, and procedural increase in temperature carbonization methods, which have eximious capability and nanometer network structure; Systemic analysis various factors which effect gel course, such as ratio of reactants and the dosage of catalyst, and probed into the better experiments conditions(the concentration of resorcinol and formaldehyde is more than 2% and the value of R/C is between 50 and 300); During gel course , primary investigated the viscosity curve and particle size distribution of sol-solution, and analyzed the reason of catalyst dosage effects particle size of gel, and confirmed that the up-growth of gel follows the theory of " polymerize increase ".The experiment results indicated that ultrasonic with unvarying temperature disposal shortened gel time and optimized quality of gels, and the factors of ultrasonic effect gel reaction velocity were analyzed; Prepared organic aerogels using compounds of resorcin and hydroquinone substitute resorcinol reacts with formaldehyde the first time, and also optimized the proportion of resorcinol and hydroquinone (the proportion of hydroquinone in 10%～40%).

采用溶胶-凝胶工艺结合动态溶剂交换、CO2超临界流体干燥与程序升温碳化方法制备出性能优良、具有纳米网络结构的RF与CRF气凝胶；深入研究了反应物配比催化剂用量等条件对凝胶过程的影响，得到了较佳的RF凝胶制备条件(RF浓度应大于2%，R/C值取50～300)；初步研究了凝胶过程中的粘度、粒径变化情况，分析了催化剂用量影响凝胶中粒子尺度的原因，在实验上印证了凝胶生长遵循"聚增长"的理论；通过引入超声波改进了RF气凝胶的制备工艺，缩短了凝胶反应时间，提高了凝胶品质，并探讨了超声波促进RF凝胶反应作用的原因；首次用对苯二酚与间苯二酚复配制备了混合有机气凝胶，优化出复配比(对苯二酚含量为10%～40%)。2。

Oxygen and carbon isotope of the carbonate sediments separately indicate lake waterδ~(18)O andδ~(13)C_,δ~(18)O indicates the volume of the input water which is a good index of Lake water level changes;δ~(13)C_ indicates the degree of the exchange between the lake and the atmosphere and indirectly indicates the ice cover time controlled by the temperature.3. Environmental changes in Lake Sugan drainage area during the past 2670 years reconstructed by mul-index synthesis analysis indicates that during

沉积物碳酸盐氧、碳同位素分别反应了湖水的δ~(18)O和δ~(13)C_，δ~(18)O指示湖水体积变化，是湖泊水位变化的良好指标；δ~(13)C_则指示了湖水和大气的交换程度以及入流水量的大小，间接指示了温度控制下的冰封时间长短。3、多指标综合分析重建的苏干湖流域晚全新世近2670年来的环境变化显示，苏干湖2670年来流域持续变干；出现截然不同的两个大的阶段，即

The results show that proper control of additive, flocculating agent, temperature, stir speed, quantity of each agent and other process parameters could effectively remove the impurities in the coagulation bath such as the solid, big molecules in the forms of undissolved colloid and semi-colloid. The sizes of flocculates are big and loose, ready to precipitate, therefore the impurity removing effect is very ideal, greatly improving the exchange ability of the ion exchange resin in the subsequent process.

研究结果表明在选用合适的添加剂与絮凝剂，适当控制絮凝的温度、搅拌速度、各试剂的添加量和添加顺序等相关工艺参数的条件下，凝固浴中的絮状固体杂质、以未溶解的胶态和半胶态形式存在的大分子性杂质等都被去除，絮凝物块大而疏松，沉降迅速，除杂纯化效果非常理想，大大提高了后续处理工艺中阴阳离子交换树脂的处理能力。

The mechaniem of exchange in binuclear coppercomplexes has been studied by semiempirical molecularcrbital method.

用分子轨道方法结合磁轨道的概念，探索了双核铜配合物的磁交换机制。

The watermelons, the citrullus lamtus or the stems and leaves thereof are taken as raw materials, and the extracting process comprises the following steps: firstly, the raw materials are washed clean and broken to separate the watermelon peel from the watermelon pulp for respectively extracting juice; the two juices are mixed, and micro-filtration and ultra-filtration are carried out to remove insoluble substances and macromolecular substances; and then reverse osmosis and nano-filtration are carried out to obtain the filtrate; the pH value of the filtrate is regulated and then a macroporous strong acid cation exchange resin column is added; and then ammonia water is taken as an eluant for isocratic elution; the eluent obtained is decompressed, distilled, deaminized, discolored, condensed and crystallized to obtain a white crystalline product of the natural L-citrulline extracted from the watermelons.

本发明方法以西瓜、打瓜或者其茎叶为原料，其过程为：首先将原料清洗干净，破碎后将西瓜皮西瓜瓤分开，分别进行榨汁；所得汁液合并，经过微滤和超滤除去不容物和大分子物质；然后再经反渗透和纳滤过滤；透过液调节pH值后通入大孔型强酸性阳离子交换树脂柱；然后以氨水做洗脱剂进行等度洗脱；将洗脱液减压蒸馏脱氨，脱色，浓缩结晶，得到西瓜提取天然L-瓜氨酸白色结晶产品。

It solves the problem of water soluble iminazole and other low molecular easy runs off slowly following water vapor in sulfonated polymeric compound or iminazole composite film, can be used for moderate temperature proton exchange film fuel cell.

采用齐聚物取代咪唑等小分子，可解决磺化聚合物/咪唑复合膜中水溶性的咪唑等小分子易随水汽慢性流失的问题，可应用于中温质子交换膜燃料电池。

Dye can bring a little color to life, most clothing is color with dyes, modern manufacture dyes can be costly, natural dyes from plan t and animal products have been used since ancient times, so this week, we describe by natural way to dye world, the advice comes from information written by Jenny Tim of the intermedial technology development group in Briton, this anti group is now called practical action, there are several messages to put dye onto material, the vent message for example, can be used to dye wool with onion skins, for this example, use 100 grams of natural wool, the wool must be clean, leave it overnight in water and liquid soap, then wash it with clean water that is a little warm, gently out the water, a solution called a moderant is used in the dying process, a moderant helps fix the dye to the material, traditionally moderants were found in nature, wood ash is one of example, but chemical moderants such as ironare popular today, iron is so would in many stores, it is often mixed with queen of daughter, a finding powder commonly used in cooking.

使用染料可以为生活带来更多的色彩。许多的布料都是通过染料来上色的。现代工业制造的染料通常都非常的贵，从古时起，人们就知道从植物或者动物产品中提取天然染料。这周，我们就来讨论一下如何用天然的方法来给羊毛着色。这一建议来自英国中级技术发展组的Jenny Dean的信息。这一古老贫穷的小组现在被称为实用性活动。把染料加到材料上有几种方法。其中之一是大桶法。举例来说，就是用洋葱皮来染羊毛。这一例子中，用100g的天然羊毛。羊毛必须清洗。用液体肥皂浸泡过夜。然后用温的干净的水冲洗它。轻柔地把多余的水分压挤出来。一种叫做媒染的溶剂也用于染洗过程。媒染是用来固定染料和材料的。传统的方法是，媒染是来天然的，比如木灰。但是像明矾这样的化学媒染在今天也是很流行的。明矾在许多商场都有出售。它通常和一种经常被用于烹调的粉状物-酒石混在一起。我们用多一点点的辛苦，来交换多一点点的幸福

In the negative and interrogative forms, of course, this is identical to the non-emphatic forms.

。但是，在否定句或疑问句里，这种带有"do"的方法表达的效果却没有什么强调的意思。

Go down on one's knees;kneel down

屈膝跪下。。。下跪祈祷