牦牛属

Furthermore, the genetic distances in the HSL genes are much smaller between yak, cattle, and zebu than those between each of the three species and the buffalo. Therefore, it is reasonable to consider yak as an independent species of the genus Bos.

牦牛、普通牛和瘤牛3个物种间的遗传距离远小于它们各自与水牛这一物种的遗传距离，它们三者之间的亲缘关系也相对于它们各自与水牛间的亲缘关系都较近，故将牦牛、普通牛和瘤牛划分在同一个属——牛属更为合理。

The result shows that firstly,zebu ismost closely related to cattle;secondly,closely related to yak,buffalo,pig,human,lastly,related to rat and mouse.The results of the phylogenetic trees reflect the molecularevolution relationship among these species,consistent with the zoological classification.The genetic distances among yak,cattle and zebu were relatively small,but geneticdistances between these three species and buffalo were relatively large.

研究表明，牦牛、普通牛和瘤牛三个物种间的遗传距离远小于它们各自与水牛这一物种的遗传距离，三者之间的亲缘关系也相对于它们与水牛间的亲缘关系较近，故将牦牛、普通牛和瘤牛划分在同一个属—牛属，而将水牛划分在另一个属更为合理。

Because species of neither Bos nor Bison clustered as respective monophyletic lineages, these two should be taxonomically treated as one genus.

因此，本研究不支持将牦牛独立为牦牛属——Poephagus，牛属与野牛属在分类上也应合并为一个属。

In this text, comparing the yak with other genus of Bovinae on paleontology evidence, morphologic character, blood protein polymorphism, microsatellite polymorphism, mtDNA sequence variance, rDNA RFLP data and sequence information of function gene, we find that the yak shows difference in Bos taurus, Bos indicus but close with Bison bison either in paleontology evidence, morphologic character or molecular biology character. So it was better to be considered as one independent genus Poephagus than to subgenus Poephagus or a species of Bos.

本文通过对牦牛与牛亚科其他属在古生物学证据、形态学特征、血液蛋白多态性、微卫星多态性、mtDNA序列变异、rDNA的RFLP数据和功能基因序列信息等各方面研究资料的比较分析，发现牦牛无论在古生物学证据、形态学特征，还是在分子生物学特征上均表现出与牛属中的普通牛Bos taurus、瘤牛Bos indicus不同，而与美洲野牛Bison bison的亲缘关系更近一些，因此将牦牛划分为牛亚科中1个独立属，似乎比将牦牛作为牛属中的1个亚属或1个种更合适。

Under natural conditions, Mycoplasma mycoides subsp, mycoides SC affects only the ruminants of the Bos genus, i. e., mainly cattle, zebus, and yak s.

在自然条件下，丝状支原体丝状亚种SC型只感染牛属反刍动物，即主要是牛、瘤牛和牦牛。

But we don't care about Battlegrounds.

但我们并不在乎沙场中的显露。

Ah! don't mention it, the butcher's shop is a horror.

啊！不用提了。提到肉，真是糟透了。