牦牛

The result shows that firstly,zebu ismost closely related to cattle;secondly,closely related to yak,buffalo,pig,human,lastly,related to rat and mouse.The results of the phylogenetic trees reflect the molecularevolution relationship among these species,consistent with the zoological classification.The genetic distances among yak,cattle and zebu were relatively small,but geneticdistances between these three species and buffalo were relatively large.

研究表明，牦牛、普通牛和瘤牛三个物种间的遗传距离远小于它们各自与水牛这一物种的遗传距离，三者之间的亲缘关系也相对于它们与水牛间的亲缘关系较近，故将牦牛、普通牛和瘤牛划分在同一个属—牛属，而将水牛划分在另一个属更为合理。

The partial sequences of exon Ⅰ of hormone-sensitive lipase genes in yak, cattle, zebu, and buffalo were analyzed. Comparisons of these sequences and the deduced amino acid sequences with the homologous HSL gene and protein sequences in other mammalian species including pig, human, mouse, and rat retrieved from the GenBank were carried out and finally a phylogenetic tree was constructed using the partial DNA sequences of the HSL genes in all species.

在对牛科中4种动物即牦牛、瘤牛、普通牛和水牛HSL基因外显子Ⅰ部分核苷酸序列进行测定的基础上，与Gen- Bank中其他物种相应基因核苷酸序列、氨基酸序列进行了比对分析，并构建了牦牛与其他物种间分子系统进化树。

The vast majority of follicles undergo a degenerative process in reproductive life. Apoptotic cell death is the fundamental mechanism in response to follicular atresia. Moreover, the apoptosis of granulose cells is implicated in directly mediating atretic process. Multiple studies have confirmed that the apoptotic process of GCs is not only related to apoptotic genes, but triggered by cytokines related to reproduction and Caspases family.

中文题名几种生殖激素对体外培养的牦牛卵泡颗粒细胞凋亡的影响副题名外文题名 Effects of several reproductive hormones on apoptosis of ovarian granulose cells of yaks in vitro 论文作者杨世华导师余四九教授学科专业临床兽医学研究领域\研究方向学位级别博士学位授予单位甘肃农业大学学位授予日期2002 论文页码总数108页关键词牛类固醇激素分泌卵泡颗粒细胞培养牦牛生殖激素馆藏号BSLW /2003 /S823 /1 卵泡闭锁是哺乳动物卵巢中极为普遍的自然现象。

Summary The yak belongs to the family of Bovidae.

另外，黄牛和牦牛之间的种间杂交可以追溯到3000年前，并且这种杂交活动在整个牦牛分布地域尤其是农牧交错区相当普遍。

Because species of neither Bos nor Bison clustered as respective monophyletic lineages, these two should be taxonomically treated as one genus.

因此，本研究不支持将牦牛独立为牦牛属——Poephagus，牛属与野牛属在分类上也应合并为一个属。

"Put on a yellow yak costume and start yodeling."

&穿上黄牦牛的戏服并且开始学牦牛叫。&

This account awning has used 133 crossbeams, 260 ex-root stay rods, as well as 4300 kilogram yak wools and 370 yak white tails.

这座帐篷使用了133根横梁，260根外撑杆，以及4300公斤牦牛毛和370条牦牛白尾巴。

In order to improve the surface performance of yak hair fibers and enhance their dyeing property,the influence of low temperature plasma treatment of the yak hair s on their surface was studied.

为了改善牦牛毛纤维的表面性能，提高其染色性能，研究了低温等离子体表面改性处理牦牛毛对其表面性能的影响。

They had yaks or animals similar to yaks.

他们那有牦牛或与牦牛类似的动物。

I think I personally will leave the yak milk to baby yaks and stick to yogurt.

我个人倒是愿意把牦牛奶留给小牦牛，自己还是坚持喝酸奶吧。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。