牛黄

The objective of this investigation was to compare the pharmacodynamics of Sheng Wu Niu Huang with those of the natural calculus bovis and the artificial calculus bovis from the acute toxity, antipyretic effect, hypnotic effect, anticonvulsive effect, anti-inflammatory effect, antiviral effect and the influence on the hemorheology.

运用比较药理学方法将生物牛黄中间体与天然牛黄、人工牛黄从急性毒性试验、解热作用试验、催眠作用试验、抗惊厥作用试验、抗炎作用试验、抗病毒作用试验以及对血液流变学影响等方面进行了药效学比较研究。

However, due to historical reasons, the national standards for prescription drug Bezoar the use of substitutes has not been clear.At a certain extent, it caused bezoar and its substitutes mixed in the process of production and the use of proprietary Chinese medicines.

但由于历史原因，在国家药品标准处方中牛黄代用品的使用问题一直没有明确，在一定程度上造成中成药生产和使用过程中牛黄与牛黄代用品混用的情况。

However due to historical reasons the national standards for prescription drug Bezoar the use of substitutes has not been clear.At a certain extent it caused bezoar and its substitutes mixed in the process of production and the use of proprietary Chinese medicines.

但由于历史起因，在国家药品标准处方中牛黄代用品的使用问题一直没有明确，在一定程度上造成中成药生产和使用过程中牛黄与牛黄代用品混用的情况。

The proportion of ConABP appeared to have a decline trend after an initial ascent, because it was mainly the high-molecular-weight protein participate in the formation of bezoar at the preliminary stage.

ConABP占总蛋白比例呈现先上升后下降的趋势，在牛黄核形成的初期主要是大分子蛋白质参与牛黄核的形成。

If the medicines,which has made it clear the use of bezoar or its substitutes,has a change ,it should be in accordance with the relevant regulations of"Drug Registration Management Measures".

五、已明确处方使用牛黄或其代用品的品种如需变更处方使用牛黄或其代用品，应按照《药品注册管理办法》的有关规定办理。

Results showed that natural cow-bezoar,cultured cow-bezoar,with medium or low bilirubin content and chicken bile(0.5 g/kg ig) could significantly inhibit rat paw edema induced by carrageenin and formaldehyde i...

结果表明，天然牛黄，中胆红素培植牛黄、低胆红素培植牛黄和鸡胆汁均能显著地抑制角叉菜胶和甲醛致炎后的大鼠足跖肿胀和炎性组织中的PGE2含量。

Effects of natural cow-bezoar,cultured cow-bezoar with different bilirubin content and chicken bile on rat paw edema induced by carrageenin and formaldehyde and the postaglandin E2 (PGE2) content of inflammatory tissues of rat were determined by foot-digitoplantar turgorneter and UV spectrophotometry.

采用大鼠足跖肿胀法和紫外可见分光光度法，研究了天然牛黄、胆红素含量不同的培植牛黄以及鸡胆汁对大鼠角叉菜胶性和甲醛性的足跖肿胀率和炎性组织中PGE2含量的影响。

Results showed that natural cow-bezoar,cultured cow-bezoar,with medium or low bilirubin content and chicken bile(0.5 g/kg ig) could significantly inhibit rat paw edema induced by carrageenin and formaldehyde in rat.

结果表明，天然牛黄，中胆红素培植牛黄、低胆红素培植牛黄和鸡胆汁均能显著地抑制角叉菜胶和甲醛致炎后的大鼠足跖肿胀和炎性组织中的PGE2含量。

Prolonged markedly the time of sleep in mice with the hypnotic effect induced by phenobarbital sodium, while SWNH (50 mg/kg), the natural calculus bovis (100 mg/kg), and the artificial calculus bovis (100 mg/kg) did not. SWNH (500, 1,000, 2,000 mg/kg), the natural calculus bovis (1,000 mg/kg), and the artificial calculus bovis (1,000 mg/kg) i.g.

生物牛黄中间体100mg/kg体重、150mg/kg体重腹腔注射给药，可使苯巴比妥钠引起的小鼠睡眠时间明显延长；生物牛黄中间体50mg/kg体重、天然牛黄100mg/kg体重和人工牛黄100mg/kg体重对睡眠时间的延长无明显影响。

Results TLC can be used for the identification in-vitro cultured Calculus Bovis and artificial Calulus Bovis, the samples containing cultured Calulus Bovis showed the specific spots of bilirubin but no hyodeoxycholic acid spot while the samples containing artifical Calulus Bovis showed the hyodeoxycholic acid spot but no bilirubin spot.

含人工牛黄的样品有猪去氧胆酸斑点，含体外培育牛黄的样品未检出有与猪去氧胆酸对照品相对应的斑点；含人工牛黄的样品不显胆红素斑点，含体外培育牛黄的样品显示与胆红素对照品相对应的斑点。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。