牛顿

Based on the theories of rheology, Non-Newtonian Fluid Mechanics, petroleum chemistry, crystallography and pipeline technology etc. and sampling Huabei crudes, experimental indexes and programmes are drew out, integrating the oil properties and parameter analysis; in terms of the macro analysis of continuum mechanics, substantial experiments are conducted with HAAKE RS600 rotational rheometer and the rheological equation as well as the viscosity-temperature equation are further developed with tested rhrogramme and viscosity-temperature curve, respectively. Beased on the researches on thixotropic mechanism and thixotropy fluid property, hysteresis loop curve, structure failure and viscosity build-up curve as well as shear stress decrement curve for one type oil are first present in this paper. According to the theoretical researches and testing results, a novel thixotropy equationwith τ=τ_∞e~ pattern, which is of hi-accuracy, few parameter and simplicity, is developed.Considering the influence of various parameters on rheological behaviour, depressant adding condition is optimized and experimental evaluation on BEM-5P is conducted, which further unrip its mechanism on the Huabei crude. A corresponding viable pipe transportion programmel is also recommended.

本文基于原油流变学、非牛顿流体力学、石油化学、结晶学、原油管输工艺学等理论，以华北原油为研究对象，结合原油物性及实验影响因素分析，制定出实验研究的评价指标及实验方案；从连续介质力学宏观分析的角度，利用HAAKE RS600高端旋转流变仪开展了大量的室内实验，并运用微观研究方法，测定了油样的流变曲线和粘温曲线，建立了流变方程和粘温方程；通过对触变性机理和触变性流体特征的研究，首次对华北原油测定出滞回环曲线、结构破坏与恢复粘时曲线、剪切应力裂降过程曲线，并在理论研究和实验结果的基础之上，建立了能定量描述含蜡原油剪切应力裂降过程的新型三参数触变模式τ=τ_∞e~b/(t+c，该模型具有精度高、参数少、实验简便且适用性强的特点；通过对含蜡原油流变性的影响因素理论研究，开展了加剂条件优选及BEM-5P降凝剂室内评价实验，进一步揭示了降凝剂对华北原油作用机理，在此基础之上，提出了华北原油管输的可行性方案。

The results show that the alloy undergoes obvious plastic elongation, the specimen fractures into four sections and the diameter changes from 16 mm to 12 mm. The fracture surfaces distribute randomly well developed and partially developed veinal patterns. The deformation behavior of alloy is non-Newtonian flow behavior. About 3% amorphous matrix of extruded specimen transforms crystal, the crystal particles with size of 10-20 mm are precipitated in the amorphous matrix, the thermostability of the extruded specimen was lowered. The failure of the alloy is mainly attributed to non-uniform viscous flow under high strain rate resulting from the hydrostatic extrusion process.

结果表明：非晶合金在高应变速率下产生了明显的塑性变形，直径从16 mm变为12 mm，断裂为4段，且样品断口上随机分布着充分发展与未充分发展的脉纹式切变带，由此可看出非晶合金的变形为非牛顿体变形行为；挤压后的样品约有3％的非晶相发生晶化，在非晶基体上析出10～20 nm的纳米晶粒，导致挤压后非晶合金的热稳定性降低；静液挤压高应变速率变形条件使非晶合金产生非均匀流变，是造成非晶合金断裂的主要原因。

Under the assumptions of semismoothness ,the global superlinear con- vergence of the smoothing Newton method was proved.

在半光滑假设条件下，证明了光滑化牛顿法具有全局超线性收敛性。

According to the relationship between the shear rate and the energy dissipation rate,a method for calculating the average shear rate based on the volumetrically average energy dissipation rate is presented.

根据能量耗散率与剪切率的关系，提出了按流体的体积平均能量耗散率计算流体平均剪切率的方法，即可根据流体的密度、平均流速、管道直径、流动的摩擦因子或摩阻压降以及流变参数计算牛顿流体和幂律流体管流的平均剪切率。

The fact that Einstein's preditions matched what we wase seen. While Newton's did not, was one of the crucial confirmations of the new theory.

爱因斯坦的预测同实际观测相符，而牛顿的预测则同实际观测有出入，这恰恰证明了新的理论的正确性。

The paper compares nonlinear algorithm with Jacobi and QR. We can see that the method is very good from these examples.

这个方法解决了牛顿迭代初值难选的问题，从而使得算法能有效地运行。

He is the Newton of this century.

他是本世纪的牛顿。

He is a Newton of today.

他是当今的牛顿。

I told them, You listen to me, what is there to do after Newton?

&|我跟他们说&你们听我说在牛顿之后还能什么？

He is a Newton of today.

他是今日的牛顿。

Singer Leona Lewis and former Led Zeppelin guitarist Jimmy Page emerged as the bus transformed into a grass-covered carnival float, and the pair combined for a rendition of "Whole Lotta Love".

歌手leona刘易斯和前率领的飞艇的吉他手吉米页出现巴士转化为基层所涵盖的嘉年华花车，和一双合并为一移交&整个lotta爱&。

This is Kate, and that's Erin.

这是凯特，那个是爱朗。