牛顿

Polak's result is as strong as any of the contemporaneous global convergence results for either steepest descent or a globalized quasi-Newton method.

Polak的结果和同时期的任何最速下降或全局拟牛顿法的结果一样强。

This compression scheme can preserve the target information in infrared image better than BFGS Newton Method and Steepest Descent Method,and remarkably speed up the encoding process.

在相同代码长度的情况下本算法比BFGS牛顿法和最速下降算法更好地保留了红外图像中的目标信息，并且加快了编码速度。

The sorbent is prepared from a kind of natural mineral zeolite - stilbite (its Chinese code name is CXN, its English code name is STI, and its scientific name is stilbite); through positive ion exchange produce H-STI, mix with artificial compounded commodity H-ZSM-5 zeolite, add cementing agent to molding, after strengthening process, then through silver carrying to produce. The small ball of the sorbent of 1 mm diameter can get 40 Newton per grain.

该吸附剂是由一种天然矿物沸石-辉沸石(中国代号CXN，英文代码STI，学名stilbite)，通过阳离子交换制成H-STI，与人工合成的商品H-ZSM-5沸石混合加粘结剂成型，经强化处理后再经载银而制成，直径1毫米的该吸附剂小球强度可达40牛顿/粒。

The Maratos effect occurs if, arbitrarily close to a strict local solution of the NLP, a full Newton step increases both the objective function and the constraint violation, and is therefore rejected by the falter, even though it could be a very good step toward the solution.

当迭代点充分靠近原问题的严格局部解时，完全牛顿步可能会使目标函数值和约束违反度都上升，从而不被滤子接受，影响了算法的收敛速度。

By introducing the nonlinear complementarity problem function, the Karush-Kuhn-Tucker conditions of OPF model are transformed equivalently into a set of semismooth nonlinear algebraic equations. Then the set of semismooth equations can be solved by a semismooth L-M method based on the subdifferential. The method belongs to Newton-type method. It can ensure the positive defmitiveness of the iterative coefficient matrix by using the L-M parameter, which avoids the ill-conditioning of iterative equations. The method, requiring only the approximate solution of a linear system at each iteration, is quite applicable to the large-scale cases.

在利用非线性互补函数将OPF模型的KKT条件转化为半光滑非线性代数方程组后，采用基于次微分的半光滑L-M法求解，该方法属于牛顿法范畴，可通过对L-M参数的调整保证迭代系数矩阵的正定性，克服了系数矩阵的奇异引起的"病态"，且该方法在确定搜索方向时只需求解线性系统的加热器近似解，适用于大规模系统的求解。

In the POPF model, wind farm is modeled by the probabilistic wind farm model considering the reactive power-slip characteristic, and the inequality constraints include not only the unit output constraints, the ratio constraints, the voltage constraints and the line current constraints but also the reactive compensation capacity constraints in wind farm and the system climbing capacity constraints per minute. By introducing the NCP function, the KKT conditions of POPF system are transformed equivalently. Based on the transformed nonsmooth nonlinear algebraic equations, the FOSMM is used to determine the POPF model expressed by the numerical characteristic of variables. The model includes nonsmooth functions, so it can be solved by a semismooth Newton-type method based on the subdifferential.

概率最优潮流模型中，风电场采用考虑无功功率—滑加热器差特性的风电概率模型，不等式约束中除了机组出力约束、有载调压变压器变比约束、电压约束和支路电流约束，也考虑了风电场无功补偿容量约束、系统的分钟级爬坡能力约束；使用非线性互补函数将概率最优潮流的KKT条件转化为一组包含有不光滑函数的非线性代数方程组，然后基于一次二阶矩法确定了以待求量的数字特征表示的POPF模型，由于该模型包含不光滑函数，因此采用基于次微分的半光滑牛顿型方加热器法求解。

In the first chapter, the application background and the main algorithms of the complementarity problems is introduced. In Chapter 2, some basic definitions and theories of complementarity problems are introduced. The 3rd chapter is the most important part of this paper, in which a new class of smoothing Newton method is detailed, also the global and local superlinear convergence is established for the method. In the 4th chapter, we propose some numerical experiment, and the results show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms.

全文共分为四章，各部分内容安排如下：第一章是绪论部分，介绍了互补问题的应用背景和近年来有关互补问题求解方法的研究成果；第二章介绍了与互补问题相关的一些定义以及相关的定理和推论；第三章是本文的重点，构造了求解互补问题的一类光滑牛顿法，从理论上证明了算法的全局收敛性和局部超线性收敛性；第四章是数值实验，通过数值试验的结果进一步证明了算法的可行性和有效性。

A new method for the structural static reanalysis of the topological modification was presented using the superlinear convergence property of the BFGS quasiNewton algorithm.

利用BFGS拟牛顿法的局部超线性收敛特征，提出了基于此方法的结构拓扑修改静态重分析算法。

To solve it, we turn it into nonsmooth equations, utilizing inexact theory we give an inexact generalized Newtons method and under some mild conditions we prove that it is global convergence and superlinear convergence .

首先将其约束问题的求解转化为非光滑方程组的求解，然后利用不完全求解理论给出了一个非精确的广义牛顿算法，在一定的条件下证明了算法的全局收敛性和局部超线性收敛性并给出了LC~1非线性约束问题的收敛性条件。

In Chapter 3, we propose two new quasi-Newton type trust region methods for solving unconstrained optimization problems. These algorithms combine two types of the preconvex part of modified Broydens family proposed in chapter 1 with trust region algorithm effectively, they have global convergence property and superlinear convergence rate.

第三章，给出了用来求解无约束最优化问题两种新的拟牛顿信赖域算法，这些算法将第一章给出的两种修改Broyden非凸族与信赖域算法有效结合起来，它们具有全局收敛性和超线性收敛速度。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。