牛鞭

This paper shows the impact of demand management in the supply chain management. With the dynamic system method, it stimulates demand management of supply chain under the information sharing condition.

从系统动力学的角度出发，模拟了在信息共享条件下的供应链需求管理，指出需求管理会影响供应链的牛鞭效应和成本，负责需求管理的企业不同，产生的影响也会不同。

The lead-time of order and the time of transportation in each stage and of whole chain are the main performance index at present research stage.

文章介绍了供应链中的"牛鞭效应"以及Witness的基本应用，讨论了在供应链系统中利用Witness软件进行仿真的方法，采用了由钢铁公司、钢材服务中心、部件生产商和汽车厂所组成的供应链结构进行仿真，整个供应链和供应链上各节点的订货提前期和运输时间是所介绍的模型中的主要供应链绩效指标。

The paper introduces the"bullwhip effect"of a supply chain and the application of software Witness, and discusses the simulation of software Witness in the supply chain system. The structure of supply chain in the paper is composed by steel company, steel service center, parts manufactures and car factories. The lead-time of order and the time of transportation in each stage and of whole chain are the main performance index at present research stage.

文章介绍了供应链中的"牛鞭效应"以及Witness的基本应用，讨论了在供应链系统中利用Witness软件进行仿真的方法，采用了由钢铁公司、钢材服务中心、部件生产商和汽车厂所组成的供应链结构进行仿真，整个供应链和供应链上各节点的订货提前期和运输时间是所介绍的模型中的主要供应链绩效指标。

In this study, compared ten production indexes of genet for 44 kinds of wild limpograss from southwest district of china.

对西南地区60份扁穗牛鞭草野生资源，以单株为单位，对10项生产性能指标进行比较分析研究。

Listening is Niu Bian, this gentlewoman also should choose one settle or live in a strange place at once.

一听是牛鞭，这位贵妇人连忙也要点一客。

At first, analyse dialectical relation between trust, cooperate and information sharing, recommend content, characteristic, principle of the information sharing in the supply chain and the important function to the supply chain system, finally point out the disadvantage of tradition supply chain system and pizzle effect, and set up information sharing type supply chain system model on the foundation.

首先分析了信任、合作、信息共享之间的辨证关系，然后介绍了供应链中信息共享的内容、特点、原则以及对供应链系统的重要作用，最后指出传统供应链系统的弊病以及导致的牛鞭效应，并在此基础上建立一个信息共享式的供应链系统模型。

The pollen grains of Guangyi are mostly spherical, rarely spheroidal, mostly circular or subcircular in polar and equatorial view.

结果表明，'广益'扁穗牛鞭草花粉粒形状大多为球形，少数为长球形，极面观和赤道面观大多为近圆形、圆形。

As the information in supply chain is unsymmetrical, the demand is progressively enlarged which results in bullwhip effect.

由于信息在供应链的各个企业中不对称，需求出现逐级的放大，产生&牛鞭效应&。

In order to effectively attenuates the Bullwhip effect, the article proposed one new solution, named information sharing.

本文提出了解决办法，即信息共享可以有效的弱化牛鞭效应。

In the first, the thesis classes the information that could be shared in supply chain, stock information, demand information, sell forecast information, produce/deliver plan information and others. Then describes the flow of information in supply chain, establishes the decentralized, centralized and colligated control model of information flow. Through the analysis of indetermination, information asymmetry, bull-effect and the balance of collision target in supply chain, explains the value of information in supply chain.

论文首先对供应链中的可共享信息做出了界定，包括库存信息、需求信息、销售预测信息、生产/配送计划信息以及其它信息等；分析了供应链中的信息流，建构了信息流的分散控制、集中控制及综合协调控制三种控制模式；并通过对供应链中的不确定性与信息不对称，&牛鞭效应&的形成与产生原因以及供应链冲突目标的协调分析，说明了供应链中的信息价值。

With Death guitarist Schuldiner adopting vocal duties, the band made a major impact on the scene.

随着死亡的吉他手Schuldiner接受主唱的职务，乐队在现实中树立了重要的影响。

But he could still end up breakfasting on Swiss-government issue muesli because all six are accused of nicking around 45 million pounds they should have paid to FIFA.

不过他最后仍有可能沦为瑞士政府&议事餐桌&上的一道早餐，因为这所有六个人都被指控把本应支付给国际足联的大约4500万英镑骗了个精光。