牛结核

In this paper, much energy has been placed on phosphate concretion re search which host in black shales of Dou Shantuo Fm. and Nu Titang Fm、 Research contents include mineralogy, petrology and geochemistry character istics of phosphate concretions. Element distributive characteristics are ana lysed using Synchrotron Radiation techniques. Additionally, sulfur isotopes of francolite and their significance are discussed in this paper. The results are as following

本文开展了晚震旦世陡山沱组以及早寒武世牛蹄塘组两套黑色页岩中磷结核的研究，对产于这两套黑色页岩中磷结核的矿物组成、地球化学等方面开展了研究，首次运用了同步幅射X-荧光探针对结核内元素的分析特征进行了分析，同时还测定了磷的硫同位素并讨论了其意义，所得出的结果简述如下

Pasteurization, which is often used for milk or waste milk, can be used to reduce bacteria levels and has been shown to be very effective at killing a variety of pathogenic bacteria including Salmonella, E. coli, Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis, Mycobacterium californicum, Mycobacterium bovis, and Listeria monocytogenes.

巴氏灭菌常使用于牛奶或牛奶废料，它可以用来降低细菌水平，并已被证明能有效的杀死多种致病细菌，其中包括沙门氏菌、大肠杆菌、副结核分枝杆菌亚种、californicum分枝杆菌、牛分枝杆菌和李斯特菌。

In order to develop an indirect ELISA for diagnosing bovine paratuberculosis, the DNA fragmentsof map086 2and map2154c were amplified from the genome DNA Mycobacterium avium Subspeciesparatuberculosis K10. Then the DNA fragments of map0862 and map2154c were spliced byoverlapping extension, yielding a fusion gene map0

为了建立一种有效的牛副结核病间接ELISA方法，本研究设计了两对引物，从副结核分枝杆菌P_(18)株的基因组中PCR扩增出两个目的基因map0862和map2154c、，采用重叠延伸剪接技术(splice by overlapping extension，SOE)获得融合基因map0

The lab is capable of quarantine hazardous biology such as : Phytophthora sojea , Tilletia controversa , Bursaphelenchus xylophilus , Sorghum halepense , Acanthoscelides obtectus , Bean Pod mottle virus , and practising diagnosis akabane disease , leukaemia bovum,paratuberculosis and other hazardous animal disease;detection of listeria monocytogenes , staphylococcus aureus and salmonella etc in food;examination of transgenic products such as soybean , rapeseed , corn etc and detection of bovine ,sheep and goat -derived for preventing bovine spongiferm encephalopathy .

检测的项目主要有：大豆疫病、小麦矮腥黑穗病菌、松材线虫、假高梁、菜豆象、菜豆英斑驳病毒等植物危险性有害生物，赤羽病、白血病、副结核等动物危险性有害生物，单增李斯特氏菌，金黄色葡萄球菌，沙门氏菌等致病性食品微生物，大豆、油菜籽、玉米等转基因产品，以及预防疯牛病的牛羊源成分检测等。

The plant Quarantine Lab had intercepted more than 200 quarantine pests such as : Tilletia indica , Tilletia controversa , Bursaphelenchus xylophilus , sorghum halepense , Acanthoscelides obtectus , Sternochetes mangiferae , Bactrocera dorsalis , Coptoermes curvignathus for nearly 5000 batches ; The Animal Quanantine Lab had intercepted about 20 cow which had some pathogens evidence of infectious disease such as : bovine infectiouse rhinotracheitis , leukaemia bovum , paratuberculosis and so on ; The food microorganism lab had detected over 300 unqualified products such as Salm-Sury , Listeria monocytogenes , Mycobacterium paratuberculosis etc .

多年来，分中心各实验室切实履行严格把关的职责，植物检疫共截获大豆疫霉病菌、小麦印度腥黑穗病菌、小麦矮腥黑穗病菌、松材线虫、假高梁、菜豆象、芒果果核象甲、桔小实蝇、大家白蚁等国家禁止进境的危险性有害生物220 多种近10000 批次；动物检疫发现感染牛传染性鼻气管炎、牛白血病、副结核等传染病的疫牛20 多头；食品微生物检测共检测沙门、单增、副结核的不合格商品300 多批；分子生物学实验室为国内企业出具非转基因证书和不含有牛羊源成分证书50 余份，使相关的产品能够顺利出口到欧盟、韩国和日本等国。

Caseous lymphadenitis in sheep and goat caused by Corynebaterium Pseudotuberlosis which could infect multiple animals, such as sheep, goat, camel, horse, bovine, is a kind of zoonotic and chronic infectious.

伪结核棒状杆菌能使绵羊、山羊、羊驼、骆驼、马、牛等多种动物致病，发病特征是受害动物的淋巴结肿大，呈脓性干酪性坏死；有的在肺、肝、脾和子宫角发生大小不等的结节，内含淡黄色干酪样物质。

objective to investigate the infectious status of nontuberculous mycobacteria in cattle.

目的 调查非结核分支杆菌在牛中的感染情况。

attention be paid to the infection of nontuberculous mycobacteria in cattle and further study on its toxicity and its influ-ence on humans be carried out in order to formulate effective control measures and protect the health of people.

非结核分支杆菌在牛中存在的现象应引起重视，其毒力对人类的影响应进一步研究，以便采取有效的措施，保护人群的健康。

Tuberculous lesions were identified in 27 cattle (47.4%; n = 57) with the evidence on gross and/or microscopic examination in 1 or more sites. The most frequently affected site was retropharyngeal lymph node, followed by mediastinal lymph node, hilar lymph node, and mesenteric lymph node.

结果显示，所收集的结核菌素检测阳性牛中，有 27 头（47.4%； n = 57）在肉眼或／及显微检查下发现有结核样病灶，其中最常出现病变的位置为咽背淋巴结，其次依序为纵膈淋巴结、肺门淋巴结和肠系膜淋巴结。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。