牛痘的

From the discovery that harmless cowpox gave protection against deadly smallpox came vaccination and the end of smallpox as a scourge in the Western world.

对人体没有害处的牛痘能够使人体免受天花的伤害。随着这一发现产生了预防接种，结束了天花带给西方世界的灾难。

Jenner discovered that people who worked with cattle, like milkmaids and cowmen, were often infected with a harmless disease called cowpox which they caught from the cattle; but these people never seemed to get smallpox.

瞻纳发现，同牛一起工作的人，象挤奶女工和牧场工人，经常从牛身上传染一种无害的疾病，叫做牛痘，但这些人似乎从不会患天花。

Empress British doctor the piano 纳 studies to use the method that the cowpox germ prevent°froms the smallpox on these grounds, developping the vast foreground to the prevention of the infectious disease for the immunology.

后英国医生琴纳据此研究出用牛痘菌预防天花的方法，为免疫学对传染病的预防开辟了广阔的前景。

They were doing what Edward Jenner did when he discovered a vaccination for smallpox by abandoning his quest for a cure.

他们做的事情就像是爱德华-詹纳通过狂热的追寻治疗天花的方法而发现了牛痘。

BACKGROUND: Neurotropin, a nonprotein extract isolatedfrom inflamed skin of rabbits inoculated with vaccinia virus,is widely used in Japan to treat chronic pain such as neuropathicpain.

背景：神经妥乐平是一种从接种牛痘病毒后而发炎的兔子皮肤中分离出来的非蛋白质提取物，在日本被广泛用于治疗诸如神经性疼痛等慢性疼痛病。

He had al- SO whispered that the small-pox serum that the government brought from Hengyang contained poison.

罗培荣骂屋场里的积极分子作"新恶霸"，又说政府新从衡阳运来的牛痘种里有毒。

Vaccinia virus is a poxvirus that replicates in cytoplasm of the host cells.

牛痘病毒（vaccinia virus， VV）是一种痘病毒，整个病毒的生命周期是在宿主细胞的细胞质中完成。

"On March 7, 2007, the Chicago Department of Public Health and the University of Chicago Pediatric Infectious Disease Service and Infection Control Program notified of a child with presumed eczema vaccinatum..., a life-threatening complication of vaccinia virus infection," write J. Marcinak, MD, from the University of Chicago Comer Children's Hospital, in Chicago, Illinois, and colleagues."This case highlights the need for clinicians to maintain a high index of suspicion when evaluating recently vaccinated patients and their family members with vesiculopustular rash."

J。 Marcinak医师及研究同仁指出，2007年3月7日，芝加哥市公共卫生部和芝加哥大学小儿科传染病行政部暨传染控制计划单位，向美国疾病管制局通报了一名儿童推测是感染了疫苗性湿疹，一种致命的牛痘病毒感染并发症；此病例突显出，临床医师在评估近期施打疫苗的患者和其长有水疱与脓疱的家人时，应保持高度警觉性之必要性；Marcinak医师服务於伊利诺州芝加哥市芝加哥大学Comer儿童医院。

After the democratic reform, the Chinese Government has made great efforts to strengthen the prevention against and control of infectious diseases, the contagious diseases and endemics that used to seriously affect people's health have been efficiently controlled and even eradicated, and the disease rates of mortalities of contagious diseases have noticeably decreased.

民主改革后，中国政府大力加强疾病预防控制工作，严重影响人民群众身体健康的传染病、地方病得到有效遏止，传染病发病率和死亡率明显下降。50年代末开始在西藏开展牛痘疫苗、霍乱疫苗的预防接种，有效控制了天花、霍乱等传染病发生。60年代初西藏自治区卫生防疫站建立，开始建立疫情报告制度。

Vaccinia virus belongs to the poxvirus family and has a double-stranded DNA genome of 192Kb in size. VV contains an envelope and replicates in cytoplasm of the infected cells. VV has a wide host range and infects various mammalian cell lines as well as animals.

牛痘病毒(Vaccinia virus， VV)属於痘病毒科中一拥有192kb双股DNA遗传物质的病毒，会在细胞质中繁殖出具有鞘膜的病毒，进而感染其他不同种的哺乳动物细胞和动物个体。

But we don't care about Battlegrounds.

但我们并不在乎沙场中的显露。

Ah! don't mention it, the butcher's shop is a horror.

啊！不用提了。提到肉，真是糟透了。