牛痘

Vaccination immunizes one against smallpox.

接种牛痘能使人免患天花。

Immunizes people against smallpox.

种牛痘能使人免患天花。

The kids went to the hospital to be inoculated.

孩子们到医院去种牛痘去了。

After the democratic reform, the Chinese Government has made great efforts to strengthen the prevention against and control of infectious diseases, the contagious diseases and endemics that used to seriously affect people's health have been efficiently controlled and even eradicated, and the disease rates of mortalities of contagious diseases have noticeably decreased.

民主改革后，中国政府大力加强疾病预防控制工作，严重影响人民群众身体健康的传染病、地方病得到有效遏止，传染病发病率和死亡率明显下降。50年代末开始在西藏开展牛痘疫苗、霍乱疫苗的预防接种，有效控制了天花、霍乱等传染病发生。60年代初西藏自治区卫生防疫站建立，开始建立疫情报告制度。

With a case study of the inoculation of western pock, this thesis tries to look into the development of cultural exchange network through the Thirteen Hongs.

最后一部份，用徽商走广和京城朝贡关系两条主线去了解行商如何使&洋気&向内地扩散，并就牛痘的传入一事作个案研究，了解这一文化纲络交流的发展大畧。

Deacon speculates that this "impotent" HIV may even be a natural inoculants? that protects its carriers against more virulent strains? of the virus, much as infection with cowpox warded off smallpox in 18th-century milkmaids.

迪肯大胆假设这种无能的 HIV 甚至可能是天然的疫苗，可以保护带原者不受更厉害的病毒品种侵袭，就好像18世纪挤牛奶的女工感染牛痘之后就能抵抗天花一样。

Deacon speculates that this "impotent" HIV may even be a natural inoculant that protects its carriers against more virulent strains of the virus, much as infection with cowpox warded off smallpox in 18th-century milkmaids.

迪肯大胆假设这种无能的HIV甚至可能是天然的疫苗，可以保护带原者不受更厉害的病毒品种侵袭，就似乎18世纪挤牛奶的女工感染牛痘之后就能反抗天花一样。

Vaccinia virus belongs to the poxvirus family and has a double-stranded DNA genome of 192Kb in size. VV contains an envelope and replicates in cytoplasm of the infected cells. VV has a wide host range and infects various mammalian cell lines as well as animals.

牛痘病毒(Vaccinia virus， VV)属於痘病毒科中一拥有192kb双股DNA遗传物质的病毒，会在细胞质中繁殖出具有鞘膜的病毒，进而感染其他不同种的哺乳动物细胞和动物个体。

The executive director of UNICEF, Ann Veneman, says the rate for first vaccination increased from 71 percent to 77 percent between 1999 and 2005, with inoculations given to 360 million children aged nine months to 15 years.

UNICEF主席Ann Veneman 表示，1999到1005年间，给3600万年龄从9个月到15岁接种牛痘疫苗，接种率首次从71%增长到77%。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。