牛痘

It belongs to a group of viruses that includes the smallpox virus, the virus used in the smallpox vaccine, and the cowpox virus.

它属于一个包括天花病毒、在天花疫苗中采用的病毒和牛痘病毒的病毒组。

Any of a group of DNA-containing viruses, including those that cause smallpox, cowpox, and other poxlike diseases in vertebrates.

痘病毒一组含脱氧核糖核酸的病毒，包括那些在脊椎动物中引起天花、牛痘以及其他类似疾病的病毒

This is because the material in cowpox (a disease affecting the udders of cows), was injected into people to protect them against an attack of smallpox.

这是因为牛痘中的物质曾被注射给人体来保护人体免受天花的侵袭。

Jimmy caught cowpox and soon got better, but later when he came near people who had smallpox he did not catch it, though other people did.

杰米染上牛痘但不久就好了。当他后来接近天花患者时他却没有染上天花，而其他的人则染上了。

In nineteen century, Enligh doctor Pearson came to Macao to spread the cowpox vaccination.

到19世纪时，英国医师皮尔逊到澳门推广牛痘术。

So Chinese people started to vaccinate cowpox. By the end of seventeen of twenty century, the smallpox was eradicated all over the world.

从此中国人开始改种牛痘。20世纪70年代末，全世界终于消灭了天花。

The boy then caught cowpox. Forty-eight days later Jenner inserted smallpox matter into the boy.

于是这个男孩也得了牛痘。48天后，Jenner将含有天花病毒的物质注入这个男孩身上。

From the discovery that harmless cowpox gave protection against deadly smallpox came vaccination and the end of smallpox as a scourge in the Western world.

对人体没有害处的牛痘能够使人体免受天花的伤害。随着这一发现产生了预防接种，结束了天花带给西方世界的灾难。

So he experimented by making a scratch on the arms of healthy people, infecting them with cowpox, and though their arms became sore for a day or two, they soon healed and none of these people ever got smallpox.

所以他试着在健康的人胳膊上抓痕，使他们染上牛痘。虽然他们的胳膊会疼上一两天，但他们很快就愈合并且永远不会患天花。

In that year Edward Jenner, a British physician, believed that dairymaids who had caught cowpox, could not catch smallpox.

这年英国的一个内科医生Edward Jenner相信得了牛痘的乳牛场女工不会得天花。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。