牙齿

This paper reviewed the relationship between fluoridated milk and dental caries prevention derived from the preceding academic research. Several topics, including milk fluoridation, fluoridated milk in animal and human clinical studies, the effect of fluoridated milk to fluoride concentration in saliva and dental plaque, the bioavailability of fluoridated milk, and the effect on human teeth were discussed.

本文回顾有关牛奶与龋齿间关系以及牛奶氟化以预防龋齿的文献，从牛奶氟化的最初想法，到氟化牛奶的动物实验、人类临床实验，进一步研究对唾液、牙菌斑中含氟量的影响，以及氟化牛奶的生物可得性，最后探讨对人类牙齿的抗酸溶解力的改变。

The author analyzes an insurance database to evaluate the utilization of dental care preventive service and cost-benefit effectiveness of teeth fluoridation and anti-decay treatment program in central part of Taiwan.

全民健康保险自93年7月1日起实施儿童牙齿涂氟预防保健服务迄今已逾四年，本研究旨在探讨使用该项预防保健服务对健保牙医医疗利用之影响，并对涂氟支出之成本与减少之医疗费用进行成本效益分析（cost-benefit analysis，CBA）。

Teeth fluoridation ; dental care ; cost-benefit analysis ; Incremental benefit/cost method

指导教授马作镪；中文关键字儿童牙齿预防保健；涂氟；成本效益分析；增量益本比

Methods: A retrospective study was conducted using an insurance database from Bureau of Nation Health Insurance - Central regional branch with registered children born in 2001 who received teeth fluoridation and anti-decay program. The difference of utilization of dental care preventive service analysis was based on each individual child's character and required dental treatment. For cost-benefit analysis, children were selected who were eligible receiving or non- receiving this benefit from July 1, 2004 till 2007. Two groups were compared by frequency matching analysis, based on sex, medical provide territories, insured fee. Additional Incremental benefit/cost method of cost-benefit analysis is also conducted to evaluate the service providing cost increasing and dental treatment cost decreasing effectiveness.

研究方法主要系透过健保局中区分局93年至96年儿童牙科医疗费用统计资料，比较90年次出生之儿童接受涂氟预防保健服务之人口学特质及其涂氟前后牙科医疗利用差异；并依该等对象接受涂氟预防保健服务与否区分两组，就其性别、就医地区别与全民健保投保金额组别等予以配对，进一步应用成本效益分析（cost-benefit analysis，CBA）之增量益本比（Incremental benefit/cost method，IBC），探讨儿童牙齿涂氟预防保健服务成本的增加，使牙科医疗费用减少所带来效益的增加为何。

The use of fluoride to protect teeth is common in many parts of the world.

用含氟物质来保护牙齿在世界很多地方都是一种普遍的方式。

It is important to clean teeth twice a day with fluoride toothpaste.

这是很重要的清洁牙齿每天两次与含氟牙膏。

Your child's teeth could be permanently stained if they get too much fluoride.

您的孩子的牙齿可以永久染色如果他们得到太多的氟化物。

Objective To study fluoride content in bone and tooth in human and various animals with and without fluorosis.

目的 探讨氟中毒和非氟中毒的人和不同种类动物骨、牙齿中的氟含量，为地方性氟中毒防治研究提供有意义的数据。

Your foodless teeth.

磨砺你们饥饿的牙齿。

He forbade his children sweets because he didn't want their teeth to be ruined.

他不准孩子们吃糖，因为他不想让他们的牙齿受损坏。

Do you know, i need you to come back

你知道吗，我需要你回来

Yang yinshu、Wang xiangsheng、Li decang,The first discovery of haemaphysalis conicinna.

1〕 杨银书，王祥生，李德昌。安徽省首次发现嗜群血蜱。