牙齿

After the teeth often hard to eat baby food such as biscuits, toast, apple slice, carrot chip, etc., in order to exercise the masticatory muscles, and promote the development of teeth and jaws. Molars after 1-year-old after grow, it should be regularly stubby eat food such as vegetables, if eaten too soft fine food, lack of masticatory muscle training, jaw can not be fully developed, but the teeth are still growing, it will lead to crowded teeth, with irregular or facial deformities.

出牙后要常给婴儿吃些较硬的食物，如饼干、烤面包片、苹果片、胡萝卜片等等，以锻炼咀嚼肌，促进牙齿与颌骨的发育。1岁以后臼齿长出后，应当经常吃些粗硬的食物，如蔬菜等，如果仍吃过细过软的食物，咀嚼肌得不到锻炼，颌骨不能充分发育，但牙齿却仍然生长，就会导致牙齿拥挤，排列不齐或颜面畸形。

AIM: To investigate the tooth wear state of permanent tooth from human samples about 3000 years ago, compare it with the state of modern people and research the evolutional rule and influential factors of human tooth wear from 3000 years ago to nowadays.

目的：调查距今约3000年前出土人牙齿的磨耗状况，并通过与当代人牙齿磨耗状况进行对比性研究，以探求3000年来人牙齿磨耗的演变规律及其影响因素。

To overcome the limitations of the defect tooth prosthesis method in traditional fabrication, based on series of sliced images of tooth, a set of feasible reconstruction methods of 3D CAD models in PhotoShop, AutoCAD, SURFACER and Pro/Engineer were presented, including information processing, information transferring, surface modeling and solid modeling.

为克服传统的牙齿缺损修复存在的缺陷，提出了一套基于牙齿断层图像数据集，利用商业软件PhotoShop、AutoCAD、SURFACER、Pro/Engineer进行牙齿三维CAD模型重构的实用方法。该方法包括：信息提取和处理、信息传递、曲面模型构建、实体模型构建。

The strip of material is readily conformable without permanent deformation to a shape of a tooth when the delivery system is placed thereagainst.

当传递体系紧靠牙齿表面时，带状材料能容易地与多个相邻牙齿和牙齿间的空隙相配而不发生永久性形变。

Not only can make each kind of yellow teeth, black teeth, fumatory teeth pure white and bright, regarding the center mild tetracyclin tooth, the fluorine spot tooth also may achieve the ideal decolorization effect.

欧诺洁深层美白牙贴，应用革命性的目标色素同步加速激活技术，生成的丽齿新生态活性氧，能自由渗透进入牙釉质和牙本质中，提高牙齿活力，促进牙齿自身代谢，使牙齿在自身代谢过程中恢复洁白

METHODS: A sample group of 416 adults aged from 15 to 75 years old was randomly enrolled in this study. The Smith and Knight tooth wear index was applied to assess the degree of the incisal and occlusion surface wear of total 11 395 teeth from the group.

分年龄段对抽样人群进行牙齿随机检查，采用Smith 和Knight牙齿磨耗指数TWI分度方法，对416 例受检人群的11 395颗牙齿的切缘和咬牙合面进行磨耗度检查。

Another 18-year-old university student, usually love He Kele, uncomfortable look at the teeth because of dental, also found that tooth enamel discoloration neck and decalcification, is about to become a dental etching owners.

还有一名18岁大学生，平常爱喝可乐，因牙齿不舒服去看牙医，也发现齿颈部珐琅质变色且脱钙，快要成为牙齿酸蚀一族。何坤炎说，牙齿被酸性食物侵蚀的症状，患者往往在初期没感觉，可能偶尔局部酸痛，但珐琅质会渐渐失去光泽和纹理，最后演变到牙本质和牙髓神经暴露。

The fluorescent bands formed in both mesial and distal cementum.Conclusion The results don't support the point that transseptal fibre or force of molar eruption makes teeth migrate mesially; the mesial migration of teeth is related with the reconstruction of alveolar bones and the stress distribution in the bones.

实验结果不支持越隔纤维作用或磨牙萌出力作用引起牙齿近中移动的观点；牙齿近中移动与颌骨内应力分布有关，牙槽骨改建的量与牙齿近中移动量呈正相关。

The clinical characters of oligodontia concluded from this study are following:(1) There is significant difference that more teeth absent and more existent teeth anomalies in patients of oligodontia/S group than in patients of oligodontia/I group, and the peg-shaped upper lateral incisor is the most frequently affected teeth with shape anomaly.(2) Both of the two groups have no significant differences in number of teeth missing between maxilla and mandible as well as that between left and right side.(3) The distribution of teeth missing is bilateral symmetry in both groups, but the frequency of teeth lost are different: excluding the third molar, in oligodontia/I group, the lower second premolar is the most frequently congenitally missing tooth followed by the upper lateral incisor, while in oligodontia/S group, the most frequently missing teeth are mandibular canine and maxillary lateral incisor. Nevertheless, the first molars are the most stable teeth in both groups.(4) In oligodonita/I group, the mean mesiodistal dimensions of all type of existent teeth are significantly smaller than normal value. It is implied that oligodontia is not an isolated phenomenon, but is related to a complex of other dental changes.

对于口腔多个恒牙先天缺失的临床特点有以下初步结论：(1)综合征型先天缺牙患者较单纯型先天缺牙患者恒牙缺失数目更多，平均分别为23.9个和14.9个，且现存牙齿有更多的形态异常，分别为7／10例（70％）和6／22例（27.3％），其中最常见的是上颌侧切牙畸形；(2)两种类型的多个恒牙先天缺失患者的缺牙数目在上下颌及左右侧之间均无差别；(3)两种类型的多个恒牙先天缺失患者在缺失牙位上均呈对称分布，但在具体牙位上有所差异：不计第三磨牙，单纯型先天缺牙最常缺失的牙位是下颌第二双尖牙、其次为上颌侧切牙；而综合征型先天缺牙最常缺失的牙位是下颌尖牙和上颌侧切牙；无论何种情况，第一磨牙均为牙列中最稳定的牙齿；(4)在单纯型先天缺牙患者中，现存恒牙的牙冠宽度较国人正常值偏小，差异显著，提示牙齿形态与多个牙先天缺失有一定相关性。

Recent data suggested that Notch receptors and their membrane-bound ligands Delta and Serrate were involved in both patterning and cell fate determination during odontogenesis.

越来越多的证据表明：Notch途径参与了牙齿发育的各个过程，包括牙齿早期发育细胞的增殖、分化过程，决定细胞的定向分化方向，决定成牙本质细胞与成釉细胞的终末分化命运，并且参与牙齿炎症损伤后修复过程，与第三期牙本质的形成有关。

As she looked at Warrington's manly face, and dark, melancholy eyes, she had settled in her mind that he must have been the victim of an unhappy attachment.

每逢看到沃林顿那刚毅的脸，那乌黑、忧郁的眼睛，她便会相信，他一定作过不幸的爱情的受害者。

Maybe they'll disappear into a pothole.

也许他们将在壶穴里消失