牙骨

So,the reconstruction of alveolar bone is becoming one of the most important research field in Prosthodontics.

随着细胞生物学的发展，在细胞水平上对骨，特别是牙槽骨的应力改变进行研究已成为一个重要的领域。

To begin the months-long process, doctors removed one of Thornton's canine teeth—aka an eyetooth—along with part of the jaw and cut it all down to a shape small enough to replace the cornea.

长达几个月的治疗过程开始了，医生们拔下了桑顿的一颗犬齿——也就是上尖牙，并且取了颌骨的一部分，把颌骨切的足够小，以取代角膜。

The periodontal bone defect of furcation can be fully repaired with MSC transplantation without epithelium and connective growed into.

MSC移植可加快牙槽骨的再生，治疗牙周骨缺损的研究和应用是可行的。

The results also present that the intermaxillary vertical relation has significantly positive relation with the motion magnitude of the tongue movements; however, the cranial base (component 1) and the maxilla (component 2-4), except the palatal depth, show no correlation to swallowing. Furthermore, arch length is found increased with prolonged duration of swallowing.

在齿颜面形态方面，以上下颚骨垂直关系及下颚第一大臼齿萌出度，和舌头吞咽运动的相关性最为显著，但在离舌头较远处的颅底以及上颚骨的前后、垂直与旋转关系，与舌头吞咽运动较无关联；随著牙弓长度的增加，在晚期终止期的吞咽持续时间会延长。

After the teeth often hard to eat baby food such as biscuits, toast, apple slice, carrot chip, etc., in order to exercise the masticatory muscles, and promote the development of teeth and jaws. Molars after 1-year-old after grow, it should be regularly stubby eat food such as vegetables, if eaten too soft fine food, lack of masticatory muscle training, jaw can not be fully developed, but the teeth are still growing, it will lead to crowded teeth, with irregular or facial deformities.

出牙后要常给婴儿吃些较硬的食物，如饼干、烤面包片、苹果片、胡萝卜片等等，以锻炼咀嚼肌，促进牙齿与颌骨的发育。1岁以后臼齿长出后，应当经常吃些粗硬的食物，如蔬菜等，如果仍吃过细过软的食物，咀嚼肌得不到锻炼，颌骨不能充分发育，但牙齿却仍然生长，就会导致牙齿拥挤，排列不齐或颜面畸形。

The 3-D FE model of the maxilla and upper incisors of this study had proved to be precise and effective, and could be applied in the stress-strain analysis of the maxilla and teeth.

本研究建立的上颌骨和上切牙的三维有限元模型较为理想，可以作相应的颌骨、牙齿的生物力学分析；其建模技术较为独特而精准可行。

Results Every group's success rate express that Osteotome technique and Sinus floor elevation is a infective methods when place implant at the upper Molar areas,the patients whichare very lack of bone are further infective if place implant next time.

结果 各组存活率结果表明上颌磨牙区埋入种植体时用骨挤压和填骨法行上颌窦底提升术是提高存活率的有效手段，对骨量严重不足的患者术后二期埋入种植体更安全有效。

There are no changes in development directions of maxilla,mandible and SN before and after orthodontic treatment for bimaxillary protrusion抯 adolescents with four premolars extracted,but there are different in development rate,the development of mandible is the fastest, maxilla is slower, SN is the slowest.

可以认为青少年双颌前突患者拔牙矫治前后上颌骨、下颌骨及前颅底的生长方向在治疗前后无变化，但三者的生长速度不同，下颌骨生长最快，上颌骨较慢，前颅底的生长速度最慢。

In the treatment of impacted third molar, dental practioner and oral surgeon more often think about how to extract the third molar completely, but rarely consider to add some procedures such as distal wedge, alveoloplasty, guided tissue regeneration, and apically repositioned flap etc., to prevent 2nd molar from developing periodontitis. The latter procedures can reduce its accompanying deep pocket, to remove plaque and calculus on its diseased root surface.

在治疗阻生第三大臼齿，诊所执业医师和一般口腔外科医师较常会考虑怎样把阻生第三大臼齿完全拔除，但却较少考虑在拔除阻生第三大臼齿的同时做一些措施，像远心楔形手术，齿槽骨整形术，引导组织再生术和牙周办膜根向移动术等来预防第二大臼齿远心端形成牙周炎，或同时替第二大臼齿治疗深的牙周囊袋和去除其牙根表面的牙结石和牙菌斑。

Objective To discuss the morphology and relative location of cranium,jaw,face,te eth-alveolus which affecting three types of smile,so as to provide a quantitative guideline for the clinical dynamic investigation,diagnosis,treatment planning,prognosis and appraisal i n the practice of orthodontics,orth ognathia and prosthetics.

微笑过程涉及面肌、口唇肌及鼻、唇、颏的解剖形态变化，并与口腔、颌骨及牙－牙槽形态、位置密不可分，是上述相关软硬组织协调运动的结果，而微笑方式的改善亦是预测、评价正畸、正颌外科及修复治疗效果的重要方法。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。