牙科

Clinical requirement in dental simulation is firstly analyzed and performance goal of haptic display is proposed. Based on characteristics of human haptics, software system of surgery simulation and force rendering is developed and prototype of surgery simulation system is established using Phantom desktop. Dental exploration and cutting operation in cavity preparation are simulated with haptic and graphical display capabilities.

全文首先通过分析牙科手术模拟的临床需求，提出了力觉显示手术仿真系统的模拟指标；针对操作者触觉生理学特点，基于力觉交互设备Phantom desktop，开发了手术仿真和力觉渲染软件，建立了手术模拟原型试验系统；以牙面探查和牙体预备中的切削操作作为研究对象，实现了力觉和图形集成显示的手术操作过程模拟。

Hoose good health, low cholesterol and dental insurance.

选择小心保养自己的身体、低胆固醇和牙科保险。

He test intoed the dentistry profession of the university of seoul with the firsted.

他以第一名的成绩考进了汉城大学的牙科专业。

In promoting bone regeneration, the effects of GAM-delivered BMP4 and VEGF165 are not statistically significant. It is known that BMP4 and VEGF165 are capable of enhancing neovascularization . Thus, our results indicated that the GAM-delivered factors are active in intramembranous

已知 BMP-4及 VEGF165均有促进血管新生的作用，故本研究显示以 GAM 技术给予之因子在颅颜骨的缺损内确有活性，为使用 GAM 技术於牙科骨再生治疗提供一有利支持。

However, its effects on intramembranous bone formation in craniofacial bone are largely unexplored. The present preliminary study was performed in order to set the basis for the application of GAM in treating craniofacial osseous defects.

基於 GAM 技术很少被使用於牙科相关之颅颜骨缺损，所以进行本先驱研究以奠定未来应用活化基因基质技术於颅颜骨缺损的基础。

In addition to its many uses in dentistry, I find its intraoral use particularly rewarding, and my assistants are very glad that it is low-maintenance and easy to clean.

除了在牙科的许多用途之外，我觉得特别有益于口腔内部使用，助手也对其低维护和易清洁的特点感到非常高兴。

Fuat Karatas, 41, a dental technician in Istanbul, buys some imported materials priced in euros but cannot pass on the rising price to customers, who pay in lira, he said.

伊斯坦堡牙科技师、41岁的佛艾特。卡拉塔斯买了一些用欧元计价的进口原料，他说，他无法把汇差转嫁到付里拉的客户身上。

Both upper and lower dental study models were collected from 30 boys (12 years old) and 30 girls (12 years old) with acceptable normal occlusion to understand the characteristics of the crown size, dental arch width and length such as (1) mesiodistal diameters of crown size from central incisor to first molar,(2) the width and length of dental arch and basal arch and (3) the morphology of dental arch form. After statistical analysis, data were compared with Japanese, Central and South American Indians and North American Caucasians from papers. The results were:(1) There was no statistical difference in teeth size between males and females, except the upper first molar of males was larger than that of females, lower central incisor of males was smaller than that of females.(2) The dimensions of dental arch of males were larger than that of females in general, especially such items as width and length of basal arch.(3) The crown size of Chinese male was in generally smaller than that of four other races, especially the upper canine, lower central incisor and first molar.

为了解住在台湾的中国人其牙齿的大小，齿列弓幅径及形态，为齿科人类学上的特微，以期能对儿童牙科，齿颚矫正科之临床及齿科基础医学能有所贡献，抽取12岁学童男女各30名共60名，可接受为正常咬合之上下颚齿列模型，测量其上下颚(1)左侧正中门牙到第一大臼齿共计12颗恒牙之牙冠近远心径，(2)齿列弓宽径、长径及齿槽基底宽径、长径，(3)齿列弓之形态，以上资料经统计分析作t-test检定，并与诸学者对日本人、北美白人、中美及南美印第安人人种的研究结果作检讨得知；(1)男女性恒牙的近远心径无明显差异，但男性上颚第大臼齿比女性者大，下颚正中门牙比女性者小；(2)男性的齿列弓幅径比女性者为大，尤以齿槽基底宽径及长径最显著；(3)国人男子的牙齿近远心径比其他四人种者为小，特别是国人的上颚犬齿，下颚正中门牙及第一大臼齿最小。

From the metallograph, the grain size of the room-temperature water-cooling clasps was known to be smaller than that of the air-cooling clasps.

Ti75作为首次引入的卡环制作的新型钛合金，表现出良好的抗疲劳性能，是一种合适的牙科铸造合金。

Sucrose, Neutrophilic Phagocytosis and Resistance to Disease, Dental Survey.

蔗糖，中性粒细胞吞噬功能和抗病，牙科调查。1976；52(12)：46_48。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。