牙炎

Objective To evaluate the effect of enamel matrix protein on the attachment and proliferation of periodontal ligament cells on diseased cementum surfaces in vitro.

目的观察釉基质蛋白对牙周膜细胞在牙周炎患牙牙骨质根面上附着和增殖的影响。方法用EMP处理的牙周炎患牙根片为实验组，用生理盐水处理的患牙根片和健康牙根片分别作为对照。

Serious wear of natural teeth do great harm to tooth , periodontal tissue , oro-maxillofacial system, muscular tissue, temporomandibular joint . As a result, dentin hypersensitiveness , pulpitis , periodontitis, food impaction and dysfunction of TMJ may appear .

天然牙严重磨耗会对牙体硬组织﹑牙周组织﹑口颌系统肌肉组织以及颞颌关节造成损伤，在临床上表现为牙本质过敏﹑牙髓炎﹑牙周炎症﹑食物嵌塞，甚至颞颌关系紊乱综合症。

Results: Among the 47 cases, 33 cases were teeth pulpless tissue including 14 endodentically treated teeth and 14 cases were vital teeth with periodontitis, cracked tooth and occlusal traumatism.

结果：牙冠纵折多见后牙，以上颌第一磨牙为多见，其中无髓牙33例，牙折裂前有近一半曾作过根管治疗，活髓牙14例，存在不同程度的牙隐裂，牙周炎和咬合创伤。

objective to observe the effect of unithiol for the treatment of arsenic apicitis.methods sixty-three patients received therapy with 5% unithiol and the therapeutic effect was retrospectively analyzed.results 59 of 63 teeth were cured with the cure rate 92%; no effect was observed in 4 cases.conclusion unithiol can be effectively used for the treatment of arsenic apicitis.

目的 观察二巯基丙磺酸钠治疗砷性根尖炎的疗效。方法 63例患者患牙63颗接受5%二巯基丙磺酸钠治疗，回顾分析其疗效。结果 63颗患牙经本药治疗后59颗显效，占93.7%；4颗无效。结论二巯基丙磺酸钠可有效并安全用于治疗砷性根尖炎。

Objective:To study the therapeutic method for retrograde pulpitis so that better therapeutic results can be achieved.

目的：探讨逆行性牙髓炎的治疗方法，提高逆行性牙髓炎的治疗效果。

Objective:To investigate the effects of intercellular adhesion molecule-1(ICAM-1) on pulpitis by observing the change of ICAM-1 in experimental rat pulpitis.

R781.3A1005-2720-（201005-0003-03目的：观察细胞间黏附分子-1（ICAM-1）在鼠实验性牙髓炎中的变化，探讨其在实验性牙髓炎中的作用。

Toothache mostly from gingivitis and periodontitis, dental caries or fracture caused by tooth pulp caused by infection.

牙痛大多由牙龈炎和牙周炎、龋齿或折裂牙而导致牙髓感染所引起的。

Objective To evaluate clinical effect of the handling ProTaper Nickel-titanium rotary instruments in preparation of canals of posterior teeth.Methods 96teeth with pulpitis or periapical periodontitis were instrumented by handling ProTaper rotary instruments using step-down technique,and by K files using step-back technique for control.All teeth were obturated with lateral condensation methods.The efficiency of preparation was analyzed with ra-diographs before and after operation.

目的 评价手用ProTaper预备后牙根管的临床效果方法选取患有牙髓炎和根尖周炎的后牙96例，随机分成试验组和对照组各48例，试验组用手用ProTaper 锥度镍钛旋转器械逐步伸入法预备根管，对照组用K锉，逐步后退法预备根管，两组均用侧向加压充填法充填根管，根据治疗后的X线片，评价后牙根管预备效果。

Methods 96teeth with pulpitis or periapical periodontitis were instrumented by handling ProTaper rotary instruments using step-down technique,and by K files using step-back technique for control.All teeth were obturated with lateral condensation methods.The efficiency of preparation was analyzed with ra-diographs before and after operation.

选取患有牙髓炎和根尖周炎的后牙96例，随机分成试验组和对照组各48例，试验组用手用ProTaper多锥度镍钛旋转器械逐步伸入法预备根管，对照组用K锉，逐步后退法预备根管，两组均用侧向加压充填法充填根管，根据治疗前后的X线片，评价后牙根管预备效果。

objective to evaluate clinical effect of the handling protaper nickel-titanium rotary instruments in preparation of canals of posterior teeth.methods 96teeth with pulpitis or periapical periodontitis were instrumented by handling protaper rotary instruments using step-down technique,and by k files using step-back technique for control.all teeth were obturated with lateral condensation methods.the efficiency of preparation was analyzed with ra-diographs before and after operation.results no transportation,apical blockage and ledge were found in test.the technique could keep canals smooth.there were two ledge,one instrument fracture and nine transportation in control.the operative time was shorter and post treatment pain seldom occurred in handling protaper group.conclusion the handling protaper niti rotary instruments can prepare the canals effectively and safety.after the preparation,the canals could be easily washed,sterilized and filled.it is an efficient instrumentation method for posterior teeth's canals and be used widely.

目的 评价手用protaper预备后牙根管的临床效果。方法选取患有牙髓炎和根尖周炎的后牙96例，随机分成试验组和对照组各48例，试验组用手用protaper多锥度镍钛旋转器械逐步伸入法预备根管，对照组用k锉，逐步后退法预备根管，两组均用侧向加压充填法充填根管，根据治疗前后的x线片，评价后牙根管预备效果。结果试验组无根管偏移、根尖阻塞、台阶，且根管壁平滑流畅，无器械折断等并发症发生。对照组有2例台阶形成，器械折断1例，根管偏移9例。试验组操作时间短且术后疼痛轻微。结论应用手用protaper预备后牙根管快速、安全，成形效果好，易于根管冲洗消毒及填充，可视为临床上预备后牙根管的有效方法。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。