牙槽后的

Presurgical nasal molding produced tissue expansion of the short columella and corrected the nasal tip cartilages. Up to 5 months of active treatment was needed before lip repair.

将前颌骨向后移动，排列在两侧牙槽骨之间，使牙槽骨成为较为规则的弧形排列；鼻软骨塑形及鼻小柱延长。

ABSTRACT:OBJECTIVETo study the correlation between anatomic structure of the inferior alveolar nerve canal and dental implantation by measuring mandible innervation esemplarsMETHODSThe intramandibular course of mandibular canal and its dimendion were measured in 15 mandibles with teeth; the relationship between blood vessel and nerve was observed in 5 fresh samples in which the artery was filled; and then the data were analyzed by statisticsRESULTSThe mandibular canal was close to the lingual side and the inferior margin of the mandible, the mandibular canal and the 10mm underside of mandible were parallel in the region of the first and the second molars, it runned outboard to genal aperture when it was hereabout genal aperture, and the blood vessel lay above nerve in the mandibular canalCONCLUSIONIn implant operation performed according to normal anatomy, injury to inferior alveolar nerve may be avoided.

［目的］探讨下颌管的解剖结构与牙种植的关系［方法］选取15具牙列完整的成人离体下颌骨标本和5具经过动脉血管内灌注的新鲜标本，测量下颌骨在每个牙位截面上有关牙槽嵴及下颌管的相关数据，进行统计学分析［结果］牙槽嵴顶以及下方10mm宽度由前向后逐渐增宽；牙槽嵴由上向下逐渐增宽；下颌管位于下颌骨体内下方走行中偏舌侧，并近下颌骨下缘，在下颌第1，2磨牙区下颌管走行与下颌下缘成平行状，在近颏孔处转向外和向颊侧出颏孔；下颌管内血管位于下牙槽神经之上［结论］牙种植术中按正常解剖部位并且侧重颊侧骨板操作，可避免损伤下牙槽神经；如果术中下颌管内突然涌出大量新鲜血液，则提示若继续手术可能损伤下牙槽神经。

ABSTRACT:OBJECTIVETo study the correlation between anatomic structure of the inferior alveolar nerve canal and dental implantation by measuring mandible innervation esemplarsMETHODS The intramandibular course of mandibular canal and its dimendion were measured in 15 mandibles with teeth; the relationship between blood vessel and nerve was observed in 5 fresh samples in which the artery was filled; and then the data were analyzed by statisticsRESULTSThe mandibular canal was close to the lingual side and the inferior margin of the mandible, the mandibular canal and the 10mm underside of mandible were parallel in the region of the first and the second molars, it runned outboard to genal aperture when it was hereabout genal aperture, and the blood vessel lay above nerve in the mandibular canalCONCLUSIONIn implant operation performed according to normal anatomy, injury to inferior alveolar nerve may be avoided.

［目的］探讨下颌管的解剖结构与牙种植的关系［方法］选取15具牙列完整的成人离体下颌骨标本和5具经过动脉血管内灌注的新鲜标本，测量下颌骨在每个牙位截面上有关牙槽嵴及下颌管的相关数据，进行统计学分析［结果］牙槽嵴顶以及下方10mm宽度由前向后逐渐增宽；牙槽嵴由上向下逐渐增宽；下颌管位于下颌骨体内下方走行中偏舌侧，并近下颌骨下缘，在下颌第1，2磨牙区下颌管走行与下颌下缘成平行状，在近颏孔处转向外和向颊侧出颏孔；下颌管内血管位于下牙槽神经之上［结论］牙种植术中按正常解剖部位并且侧重颊侧骨板操作，可避免损伤下牙槽神经；如果术中下颌管内突然涌出大量新鲜血液，则提示若继续手术可能损伤下牙槽神经。

In this case, we tried to use the alveolar bone splitting technique with the Piezosurgery, and the incison line was put in the alveolar ridge as lingually as possible that the integrity of the cortical plate of the alveolar ridge is reserved in the buccal side. Because the resistance to the mesial movement of the posterior teeth is greatly decreased, the possibility of the root resorption or dehiscence is reduced, and the stability after the orthodontic treatment would be improved while the height and width of the alveolar bone increase.

本病例尝试以超音波骨刀，於缺牙区进行齿槽骨劈开手术，其切线尽可能靠近齿槽之舌侧，以使齿槽上的皮质骨板可完整置於颊侧；这样当后牙向前牵引时，才不会因皮质骨板而阻碍前进及牙根被吸收或裂开，同时也能增加齿槽骨之高度与宽度，亦可使矫正后的牙齿更加稳定。

Then the alveolar bone of model 1 was lowered to respectively construct Model 2(Bone loss was one fourth of the root), Model 3(Bone loss was one third of the root), Model 4(Bone loss was the half of the root), Model 5 (Bone loss was the two third of the root) and Model 6 (Bone loss was the three fourth of the root).

在模型1基础上，将牙槽骨骨高度分别删除1层、2层、3层、4层、5层(使处理后的牙槽骨骨高度与牙根长度之比由1：1变为3：4、2：3、1：2、1：3、1：4)，产生模型2、模型3、模型4、模型5、模型6，代表五种不同程度的牙槽骨骨吸收模型。

The static loads were simulated according to the restored and unrestored situation. The stress distribution and stress level of the second molar was recorded.

并在修复前对两个基牙加载，修复后对固定桥进行加载，观察第二磨牙牙槽骨的应力分布变化情况。

objectivethe aim of this study was to evaluate the curative effects of the modified fixed reverse twin-block appliance combine edgewise on treatment of adult angle ⅲ anterior crossbite.methodsthe appliance was used on 15 adult subjects with angle ⅲ malocclusion and then compared clinical character and x-ray cephalometry before and after treatment.resultsafter 4 months treatment the appearance and profile were improve evidently, mandible retrusion was to lead molar and canine were angle i,overjet and overbite were normal.

目的：应用改良固定反式双阻板矫治器（twin-block appliance，tba）联合方丝弓技术矫治成人angleⅲ前牙反牙合，为成人前牙反牙合提供新的治疗方法。方法：矫治成人患者15例，进行临床表现及相关硬组织测量。结果：固定反式tba戴用4个月后下颌明显后退。所有患者在未拔牙的情况下前牙反牙合均得到有效治疗，磨牙及尖牙均达到i类关系。但上颌仅为牙及牙槽的代偿性变化。

Zygomaticoalveolar crest is the major site to sustain stress , which indicates that the fixation of zygomaticoalveolar crest should be strengthened and bony zygomatic process support should be rebuilt .

颧牙槽嵴是腓骨瓣上颌骨重建后咀嚼压力的主要受力部位，腓骨瓣上颌骨重建时要加强颧牙槽嵴的固定，重建骨性颧突支柱。

Careful treatment can decrease the complication rate. 3. Three-dimensional finite element model analysis showed that zygomaticoalveolar crest is the major site sustaining stress, which indicated that the fixation of zygomaticoalveolar crest should be strengthened, if there is some space between zygomaticoalveolar crest and fibula bone, free bone graft can fill the space to rebuild the bony zygomatic process support.

游离腓骨复合组织瓣上颌骨重建的三维有限元分析表明，颧牙槽嵴部位是腓骨瓣上颌骨重建后咀嚼压力的主要受力部位，提示腓骨瓣上颌骨重建时要加强颧牙槽嵴的固定；当上颌骨切除后腓骨与颧牙槽嵴存在间隙时，应尽量采取游离骨块移植，充填间隙，重建骨性颧突支柱。

After a tooth is extracted, due to the lack of occlusive stimulation, the absorption of the remains of alveolar ridge shows an irreversible process, due to the imbalance of the bone formation.

牙齿拔除后，由于缺乏正常咬合力的生理性刺激，剩余牙槽嵴的吸收表现为一个持续、不可逆的过程，这是由于骨形成与吸收的不平衡造成的。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。