牙本质瘤

The characteristics of teleost SCPP genes and their expression domains in tooth development suggest the possibility that enameloid arose from dentin and enamel from enameloid more than once in vertebrate evolution.

硬骨鱼牙齿发育过程中的SCPP基因及表达域的特点显示，釉质可能起源于釉质瘤，釉质瘤则可能起源于牙本质，并不是像脊椎动物本身那样一次性完成进化过程。

However, enamel and enameloid are significantly different in development, and dentin shows many histological variations; hence their evolution has been intensively studied. Nevertheless, their genetic basis has been revealed only in tetrapods.

这两类动物的釉质和釉质瘤发育是截然不同的，牙本质发育在组织学上差异也较大，关于这两类动物进化方面的研究很多，但涉及遗传基础的研究仅限于四脚动物。

Among these traits is the tooth, which consists of two characteristic mineralized tissues, a highly mineralized surface layer (enamel in tetrapods and enameloid in fish) and a softer body, both supported by basal bone.

牙齿的变化便是其中之一，牙齿由两种典型的矿化组织组成：即高度矿化的表层（四脚动物的釉质和鱼类的釉质瘤结构）和相对较软的牙本质，下方的基骨起支持作用。

And Pharaoh spoke to Joseph, saying, Your father and your brothers have come to you.

47：5 法老对约瑟说，你父亲和你弟兄们到你这里来了。

Additionally, the approximate flattening of surface strip using lines linking midpoints on perpendicular lines between geodesic curves and the unconditional extreme value method are discussed.

提出了用测地线方程、曲面上两点间短程线来计算膜结构曲面测地线的方法，同时，采用测地线间垂线的中点连线和用无约束极值法进行空间条状曲面近似展开的分析。