牙

Its inner pulp contains the blood and nerve supply for the bonelike dentin, covered in the crown by enamel , the hardest tissue in the body.

牙髓内有血管和神经，为骨质的牙本质提供营养，由牙釉质包覆在牙冠中，牙釉质是身体内最坚硬的组织。

2The distribution of HIF-1 a and COX-2 was unequal;.(3)These findings indicate that HIF-1a and COX-2 may be two important factors in pulpal lesions and there is a significantly hypoxia condiction in inflamed pulp .(4)The increase of HIF-1 a is a possible mechanism for hypoxia preconditioning .(5)Our results suggested that pulpal fibroblasts as well as macrophages might be involved in the pathogenesis of irreversible pulpitis.

和COX一2的表达均有不同程度的变化，在牙髓炎病程中可能发挥着重要的生理和病理作用，③在牙髓炎进程中和牙髓自身修复过程中存在着缺氧环境和缺氧耐受机制，④牙髓成纤维细胞有可能与单核巨噬细胞一同参与牙髓炎的病理进程，且具有修复和免疫功能。

Methods Nineteen bone impacted and unerupted teeth in 18 cases selected by orthopantomograph were scanned by 3DX-CT with 1.0 mm slice thickness. Images obtained by 3DX-CT (horizontally, sagittally, coronally) were analyzed after multi-plane reconstruction and 3D reconstruction including the angle of the bone axis impacted and unerupted teeth; maximum radius of the coronal teeth; distances between the tooth and the cortical bone around; distances to the neighboring tooth roots and nerve forum canal; the thickness of the bone tissue, etc.

对经曲面断层片筛选出的18例19枚埋伏牙进行牙科三维CT检查，扫描层厚1.0mm，重建后进行图像三维断面显示（包括水平位，矢状位，冠状位），对牙位图像进行分析及测量（包括埋伏牙牙长轴的角度，牙根弯曲度，牙冠的最大径，与骨皮质的距离，与邻牙根、神经孔／管的距离；骨质的厚度、高度等）。

The longest time was 22 months.the shortest time was 12 months. Conclusion The extraction planing of missing the first molars in class Ⅰmalocclusion is different from routine extraction mode.This clinical study indicated that it should chose nimble planing and for decurtate treatment time,according to arch crowding, profile and existing of the third molars.

第一磨牙缺失的患者在I类错牙合畸形中的拔牙模式有别于常规，要根据患者牙弓的拥挤程度，面型突度及有无第三磨牙等情况选择治疗计划和有利于缩短疗程的矫治方法。

Objective To study the clinical curative effect of superior central incisor diastema restored with Esthet-X.Methods Restored the teeth by color compare and tooth preparation.Evaluated the degree of patients'satisfaction,teeth shapes and color generally after two years.

目的 研究Esthet-X复合树脂修复上颌中切牙牙间隙的临床效果方法通过比色、牙体预备进行牙体修复，2年后综合评价患牙充填后的形态、色泽及患者的满意度。

objective the purpose of this study was to explore the method and effectiveness of apertognathia of anterior teeth in teenagers.methods the majority patients were corrected with edgewise appliance after draw four molars, all sorts of flexure were curved on the appliance, used perpendicular traction for anterior teeth and ii, iii maxillomandibular traction, fine adjust intercuspal position ,tip and cavity.

目的 探讨青少年前牙开牙合的矫治方法和效果。方法多数患者采取拔除4个磨牙之后使用方丝弓矫治器矫治，矫治中在弓丝上弯制各种曲，并使用前牙垂直牵引和颌间ⅱ类、ⅲ类牵引，精调牙位及尖窝关系。

Results maxillary first and second molars were more mesially inclined in the first group, particularly in the younger subjects (16～25 years). this inclination increased with age. the logistic regression showed that the sagittal inclination of the first molar is a predictor of the eruption of the third molar.

结果 上颌第三磨牙萌出组与未萌出组相比，上颌第一磨牙和第二磨牙更向近中倾斜，而且随年龄的增加倾斜度也变大。logistic回归结果显示第一磨牙的轴倾度是第三磨牙萌出的一个预测因子。

Methods:7 cases of classⅡ,division 1 maloclusion were treated.Upper first premolar and lower second premolars were extracted in all cases.Lower first molars were mesially moved by means of segmental arch. Cephalometric analysis was used to evaluate the effects of the treatment.

应用片段弓技术对7例安氏Ⅱ类1分类患者，通过拔除上颌第一前磨牙及下颌第二前磨牙，使下颌第一磨牙较快地向近中移动，纠正磨牙Ⅱ类错牙合关系。

Anchorage loss measured at the first premolar averaged 1.3 mm,but the crowns tipped 3.5?distally.During distalization with Distal jet,the first premolar did not tend to tip mesially as found in many investigation of other intraoral distalizing appliance.

每侧第一前磨牙的支抗丧失平均为1.3mm并伴3.5 的牙冠远中倾斜，这一结果不同于其它口内磨牙远移装置所造成的前磨牙牙冠近中倾斜，与国外对同类矫治器的观察结果相似。

In pendulum appliance group: the velocity of maxillary first molar distalizing was 0.8mm per month, distal tipping 12.6°,buccal move 0.5mm, horizontal rotation 2.8°; maxillary central incisor move mesially 0.5mm. Conclusion Two methods successfully distalized maxillary molars to appropriate positions.

钟摆矫治器组上颌第一磨牙平均远中移动3.5mm，疗程4.2个月，平均移动速度0.8mm/月；磨牙长轴向远中倾斜角度12.6°；磨牙颊向移位0.5mm；磨牙发生远中舌向水平旋转约2.8°；上颌中切牙切端向远中移动0.5mm。

With Death guitarist Schuldiner adopting vocal duties, the band made a major impact on the scene.

随着死亡的吉他手Schuldiner接受主唱的职务，乐队在现实中树立了重要的影响。

But he could still end up breakfasting on Swiss-government issue muesli because all six are accused of nicking around 45 million pounds they should have paid to FIFA.

不过他最后仍有可能沦为瑞士政府&议事餐桌&上的一道早餐，因为这所有六个人都被指控把本应支付给国际足联的大约4500万英镑骗了个精光。