牙

Results:In normal occlusion,the size of cuspid and bicuspid group was correlated with that of mandibular incisor group in accord with the principle of Moyers prediction.

结果：正常的尖牙、双尖牙组与下切牙组高度相关，符合Moyers预测机理，但错的尖牙、双尖牙组一般与同牙列的切牙加第一磨牙组高度正相关。

Birth, the permanent teeth in the deciduous tooth germ had been under, with the exception of the first molar (ie, age 6 teeth) in the neonatal period has begun to calcification, the calcification of permanent teeth is carried out in infancy, Therefore, the infant not only to protect the deciduous teeth, but also in order to obtain a fit and lay the foundation for permanent teeth.

婴儿出生时，恒牙的牙胚就已在乳牙之下，除第一磨牙（即6龄牙）在新生儿时期已开始钙化外，一部分恒牙的钙化是在婴儿期进行的，因此，婴儿期不仅要保护好乳牙，还要为获得一副健美的恒牙奠定基础。

objective: to evaluate the clinical application of helical ct for the location or treatment of maxilla embedded tooth in the dental orthopaedics.method: 18 cases with embedded tooth of maxilla were made with clinical examination, dentomaxillary pantomography, submaxilla lateral projection and helical ct.the operation be done for supernumerary tooth,distorted teeth,inverted tooth.three embedded tooth of non-inverted tooth were done by orthopaedics.result: among the 18 embedded tooth ,there were 11 palatally and 6 labially presented teeth,1 the 18 patients is mediately with completely inverted supernumerary tooth.all preoperative assessment are one and all in operative or orthopaedics and primary wound healing.

四川大学华西口腔医学院正畸科，四川成都 610041摘要：目的：正畸治疗中对上颌埋伏牙如何定性，定位，并要对此是采取手术拔除［1］或者是正畸治疗进行探讨。方法：对18例（其中1例为2颗多生牙，1颗多生牙已长出，另一颗为完全倒置的多生牙），上颌前部埋伏牙采用临床检查以及拍摄全景片、头侧位片螺旋ct轴位和表面成像等检查［2～4］对埋伏的多生牙、畸形牙和倒置牙共15例采用了相应的手术进路拔除，对形态正常且不倒置的3颗埋伏牙采用了正畸治疗。

The restoration of dentition meant not only to fill the missing teeth and increase the efficiency of mastication, but also to maintain the integrity of dentition and the health of residual teeth, especially loosen teeth that could be reserved. Bone resorption might lead to teeth mobility and the change of occlusal pattern and proximal relationship. Also, the endurant threshold to bite force decreased. Occlusal loads within the normal range to loosen teeth would lead to broken down of periodontal tissues.

中文题名PVDF咀嚼力测试仪的研制及松动牙咀嚼生理功能的研究副题名外文题名 The study of masticatory performance of loosen teeth and PVDF-based instrument for dynamic chewing force measurement 论文作者李鸿波导师姚月玲教授学科专业口腔临床医学口腔科学研究领域\研究方向学位级别博士学位授予单位第四军医大学学位授予日期2002 论文页码总数108页关键词牙列缺损松动牙咀嚼力最大〓力馆藏号BSLW /2003 /R783 /9 修复牙列缺损不但要修复缺牙、恢复咀嚼功能，也要维护牙列的完整性、保护余留牙，尤其是可保留的松动牙的健康。

Change of arch width after extraction and nonextraction treatment;2. Effects on arch width after extraction and nonextraction treatment;3. Intercanine and intermolar arch widths and anterior arch depths of the maxillary and mandibular arches were measured.

结论与不拔牙矫治相比，拔牙矫治不会减小尖牙间牙弓宽度和前牙段牙弓长度而影响面部美观；但拔牙和不拔牙矫治都能引起磨牙间牙弓宽度的改变，可能影响疗效的长期稳定性。

Upper central incisors moved forward and downward together with maxillary, at the same time they upright in the sagittal plane and tip mesially. 3 The occlusion plane rotated clockwise for about 1.5°. 4 The width increasement effect of RME comes from approximately the equal amounts of skeletal and dental expansion. The mode of dental movement was a combination of body and tipping movements of posterior teeth.

结果：1后牙在宽度方向上为整体移动和倾斜移动相结合的移动方式，但第一磨牙和第一双尖牙稍有差别；牙齿和骨对宽度增加的贡献各占约1/2；2后牙在垂直方向有伸长的趋势；3第一磨牙和第一双尖牙均向前整体移动，轴倾度保持不变；4中切牙整体随上颌骨前部向前向下移动，其牙长轴发生直立，轴倾度增加；5上颌平面发生顺时针旋转。

Methods: The sample consisted143 children which were in early permanent dentition of ClassⅡ,Division 1malocclusion .Pre-and post-treatment study models were assessed using PeerAssessment Rating index. According to the outcome of treatment, thesecases were classified into three types as "worse, no different","improved"and"greatly improved". The cephalometric analysis and Model Analysis werepreformed with pretreatment lateral cephalograms and study models for"improved"and "greatly improved"cases."T"–test was assessed to find out thesignificant difference between the extraction and nonextraction, and the resultsincluding age factor were analyzed by stepwise discriminant analysis.

应用PAR 指数对矫治前后的143 副恒牙早期的安氏Ⅱ类1 分类错牙合患者牙牙合模型进行评估分析，按矫治结果等级分为三类A、变坏或无改善，B、改善，C、极大改善，然后将B、C 两类患者矫治前的头影测量片及模型分析数据按拔牙与未拔牙进行成组t 检验的单因素分析，找出两组间有显著差异的软硬组织和牙牙合模型指标，对这些指标合并年龄因素进行逐步判别分析。

Firstly, we performed pulpotomy for posterior teeth and pulpectomy for anterior teeth. And the experiments were divided into four groups. In the first group, nothing was put in the pulp chamber or canals. In the second group, deciduous dental pulp stem cells of mini-pig with cultured medium were transplanted into the pulp chamber and pulp canals. In the third group, deciduous dental pulp stem cells of mini-pig with lovastatin were transplanted. In the fourth group, deciduous dental pulp stem cells of mini-pig with odontoblast induction medium were transplanted.

在动物实验中，我们将迷你猪乳牙的前牙作拔髓，后牙做断髓处理，各分成四组做实验，第一组不放任何细胞、第二组加入迷你猪乳牙牙髓干细胞和培养液、第三组加入迷你猪乳牙牙髓干细胞和lovastatin，第四组加入迷你猪乳牙牙髓干细胞和odontoblast induction medium，观察三个月后，以探讨其牙齿组织是否会再生。

objectivethe aim of this study was to evaluate the curative effects of the modified fixed reverse twin-block appliance combine edgewise on treatment of adult angle ⅲ anterior crossbite.methodsthe appliance was used on 15 adult subjects with angle ⅲ malocclusion and then compared clinical character and x-ray cephalometry before and after treatment.resultsafter 4 months treatment the appearance and profile were improve evidently, mandible retrusion was to lead molar and canine were angle i,overjet and overbite were normal.

目的：应用改良固定反式双阻板矫治器（twin-block appliance，tba）联合方丝弓技术矫治成人angleⅲ前牙反牙合，为成人前牙反牙合提供新的治疗方法。方法：矫治成人患者15例，进行临床表现及相关硬组织测量。结果：固定反式tba戴用4个月后下颌明显后退。所有患者在未拔牙的情况下前牙反牙合均得到有效治疗，磨牙及尖牙均达到i类关系。但上颌仅为牙及牙槽的代偿性变化。

On the termination date, the cultured explants were all examined by Western blot, HE and transmission electron microscope. Our results showed that after 12-days in culture, the cultivation treated with AS-ODN reduced the synthesis of AMBN and had a deformed dental cusp with thinner enamel matrix. Ultrastructure analyses showed that there was hardly any cisternae of the rough endoplasmic reticulum in the ameloblasts at the tip of the cusp of AS-ODN treatedexplants. However, on average the enamel matrix was thinner compared with that in the control group. Furthermore, the collagen fibers in extracellular matrix were found disorganized. These findings seemed to provide a direct experimental evidence that tended to indicate that the arrested AMBN translation in cultured tooth germs might result in the delay of the tooth development.

经用Western蛋白印迹检测表明，所设计的反义核酸对AMBN InRNA具有良好的封闭效果并成功阻断了牙胚对AMBN的表达；在缺乏AMBN情况下，与对照组相比，实验组牙胚在体外可以继续生长发育至钟状晚期，出现成釉细胞和成牙本质细胞的分化，成釉细胞可以分化成为分泌期型成釉细胞，胞浆中缺少合成蛋白质所必需的粗面内质网和高尔基氏体，缺乏溶酶体，表明对蛋白合成和脚的能力降低；实验组牙胚有牙尖形成和基质分泌，但牙尖形态异常，基质形成减少，牙尖周围基质最厚处为O.6卜m，明显薄于对照组的5.spin，基质中胶原纤维粗细不等，排列稀疏， 3 第四军医大学硕士学位论文未见钙化现象，充分证明了AMBN在牙胚发育中参与釉质基质形成和矿化过程，影响胶原纤维和牙本质基质的合成，促进成釉细胞对蛋白质的合成和釉质基质蛋白降解。

As she looked at Warrington's manly face, and dark, melancholy eyes, she had settled in her mind that he must have been the victim of an unhappy attachment.

每逢看到沃林顿那刚毅的脸，那乌黑、忧郁的眼睛，她便会相信，他一定作过不幸的爱情的受害者。

Maybe they'll disappear into a pothole.

也许他们将在壶穴里消失