版权

National acquirement and worldwide attainment are two main approaches to copyright resources.

国内原创的版权作品和国际化拓展的各类版权是版权资源的两大来源。

The article takes balancing all quarter copyright benefit as discussion entrance, analyses the questions of copyright benefit management, and proposes strategies to constructing benefit management mechanism of the digital copyright public interests management and the copyrighter's interests. in the end, the author thinks we should construct a kind of digital copyright benefit management mechanism which regards policy as a guide, takes the law as criterion, regards protection as the means, and takes utilization as goal, based on interests equilibrium. the management mechanism will stimulate creation, maintain interests fair, advance resources utilization, and promote culture art thriving.

文章以平衡各方利益为切入点，在分析当前数字版权利益管理中存在的问题的基础上，从数字版权的公众利益管理和数字版权人利益管理两方面入手，详细分析了各自管理机制构建策略，认为数字版权领域里应该构建一种以政策为先导、以法律为准绳、以利益平衡为基础、以合理保护为手段、以利用为目标的刺激创作、维护公平、推进共享、促进文化科学艺术繁荣的公众利益与私人利益和平共处的管理机制。

The article takes balancing all quarter copyright benefit as discussion entrance, analyses the questions of copyright benefit management, and proposes strategies to constructing benefit management mechanism of the digital copyright public interests management and the copyrighter抯 interests. In the end, the author thinks we should construct a kind of digital copyright benefit management mechanism which regards policy as a guide, takes the law as criterion, regards protection as the means, and takes utilization as goal, based on interests equilibrium. The management mechanism will stimulate creation, maintain interests fair, advance resources utilization, and promote culture art thriving.

文章以平衡各方利益为切入点，在分析当前数字版权利益管理中存在的问题的基础上，从数字版权的公众利益管理和数字版权人利益管理两方面入手，详细分析了各自管理机制构建策略，认为数字版权领域里应该构建一种以政策为先导、以法律为准绳、以利益平衡为基础、以合理保护为手段、以利用为目标的刺激创作、维护公平、推进共享、促进文化科学艺术繁荣的公众利益与私人利益和平共处的管理机制。

The articles guided by the copyright theories and the traditional infringement theories and its main clue is the determination and preclusion of network infringement. The author sets out from the present conditions of the copyright infringement in our country, draws some successful experience from abroad, goes on making a complete and systematical study on some basic theories of network copyright infringement, including some specific steps: such as the standard of establishing the copyright infringement on net, concrete manifestation, the doctrine of liability fixation, the exception of the principles and the precautionary measures and remedy for copyright infringement.

本文以传统侵权理论和版权理论为指导，以因特网上版权侵权的认定到制裁为主线，从我国因特网上版权侵权的现状出发，借鉴国外成功的经验，对网络版权侵权的一些基本理论问题进行了较为全面、系统地探讨，具体包括网络版权侵权的认定标准、具体表现形式、归责原则、侵权的例外情况及防止侵权发生的预防措施和侵权发生后的制裁措施。

Intellectual property - In relation to copyright, the first owner of any copyright in a work is the author, subject to if a copyright work is made by an employee in the course of his employment, his employer is the first owner, subject to any agreement to the contrary; if a copyright work is made on the commission of a person, and there is an agreement to whom the copyright belongs, copyright belongs to the person who is entitled under the agreement.

知识产权-就版权而言，作品的作者是该作品的任何版权的第一拥有人，但下列情况例外凡版权作品是由雇员在受雇工作期间制作的，则除任何协议有相反的规定外；该雇员的雇主是该作品的版权的第一拥有人；凡作品是某人委托制作的，而作者与委托人之间订有就版权的享有权作出明确的规定的协议，则委托作品的版权属于根据该协议享有版权的人。

Therefore, depecage shall be adopted. The following rules are suggested: 1the existence, scope, duration and transferability of copyright and the unlawfulness in copyright infringement shall be governed by the law of the place where the works are effectively used. 2 Initial ownership of copyright works shall be governed by lex originis except works for fire, which should be governed by the laws that govern the employment contracts. 3 Contractual aspects of transfer of copyright through exploitation licenses or assignment should be governed by the laws chosen by the parties; in absence of choice, they shall be governed by the law of the country with which the contract is most closely connected (based on characteristic performance). 4 The legal consequences of the infringement shall be governed by the law expressly chosen by the parties; in absence of choice, it shall be governed by the law of common place of residence or main place of business; in absence of above common place, it shall be governed by the law of the country most closely connected.

因此，在具体的版权纠纷中，应当根据案件的性质做出具体的识别，相对应的，版权冲突规范也应当采用分割制的方法，现总结并建议采用下面的规范，即：1版权的客体、权利范围、保护期、可转让性和版权侵权行为构成依版权有效使用地法；2版权的初始归属依作品来源国法；但是雇佣作品的初始版权归属依调整雇佣合同的准据法；3版权的转让和许可合同适用依当事人选择的法，如果当事人没有选择，根据特征履行适用与当事人和合同有最密切联系的法；4版权的侵权责任问题应当依有关当事方明示选择的法律；如果当事人未做出选择，应当依据当事人共同的住所或者主要营业地法；如果没有当事人共同的住所或者主要营业地，应当依与当事人有最密切联系的法。

From Chapter Four to Chapter Seven, taking early England as the beginning, then focusing on the United States as well as the trend of internationalization of copyright protection, the author examines how the analog technology and digital technology force the expanding of copyright after the realization of the idea of copyright, including the style of right extending from reproduction right to public perform right and adaptation right, the succession and development of British institution and idea on copyright in the United States, and the process of expanding and change of the basic theories of copyright, the style of right as well as the kind of work driven by new technology like photography, phonograph, piano roll, motion picture, broadcast, radio, TV set, xerography, home video-recorder, computer, internet and so on.

第四章至第七章以早期英国为开端，过渡到以美国为重心，兼及版权保护的国际化趋势。该部分论述版权观念制度化以后，在模拟技术与数字技术的推动下的扩张过程，包括从复制权到表演权、改编权的延伸，美国对英国版权观念与制度的继受与发展，以及版权基本理论、权能体系、作品种类等在照相机、留声机、自动钢琴、电影、磁带录音机、无线电发射机、家用收音机、机械电视机、有线电视、静电复印机、家庭录像机、电子计算机、互联网等新技术的推动下的演变与扩张过程。

Published materials without statutory copyright protection are said to him in the public domain and may be used by anyone, without the consent of the creator, 3To obtain statutory copyright protection, materials must be published with the copyright notice, which takes the form of the word "copyright" or the abbreviation copr.

任何人创作了作品之后都自动受到普通法版权的保护，未获成文法版权保护的出版物被称为在公共领域，任何人都可以不经作者同意而使用。要想获得成文法版权的保护，作品出版时必须有版权标志，其形式有单词&copyright&或缩写copr。

It is quotative content below: Send content to share, center of dibble seeding business: Recently, allied collaboration site just exists because of copyright issue and copyright a few potential contradiction, for better help dibble seeding stationmaster returns avoid copyright risk, reduce operation risk, classics alliance discusses a decision for many times, share business to make following adjustment to dibble seeding business and content: 1, the film that content provider involves in dibble seeding portal, jump the domain name that turns to content provider undertakes broadcasting; For example, the user is clicked broadcast movie " pass outside Wu Lin " when, the player can inquire to the server " pass outside Wu Lin " provider news of victory, get inquiring the player is automatic after the result jump the page turn Http://xunlei.jeboo.com Face of under one's name of region of this news of victory broadcasts a page to undertake broadcasting, decreased to broadcast the copyright risk of film greatly; But for safety, should broadcast a page not to contain any content besides the player. 2, when using allied player to undertake broadcasting, jump the domain name that turns to content provider undertakes broadcasting, specific broadcast a mechanism Alexandrine; 3, the order programme that shuts bit of order programme serves, and cannot reuse dot order programme undertakes film is released broadcast with film, shut time to be about by August, ask relevant stationmaster to change the technology that the website uses and the content that edit him website as soon as possible. 4, stop to build read channel page, business of original collaboration site will in August the bottom is shut formally; 5, the content that content stops to share by August is updated, the bottom will shut content formally to share professional work in September; Recommend site of this kind of collaboration to select product of allied dibble seeding portal, those who make an user direct enjoy stability is online broadcast.

以下为引用的内容：致内容分享、点播业务站长：近日，联盟合作站点因版权问题与版权方存在一些潜在的矛盾，为更好的帮助点播站长归避版权风险，降低运营风险，经联盟多次商讨决定，对点播业务及内容分享业务做出如下调整：1、点播门户里涉及内容提供商的影片，跳转到内容提供商的域名进行播放；例如，用户点击播放影片《武林外传》的时候，播放器就会向服务器查询到《武林外传》的提供商捷报，得到查询结果之后播放器自动将页面跳转到 http：//xunlei.jeboo.com 这个捷报域名下面一个播放页进行播放，大大减少了播放影片的版权风险；但是为了安全，该播放页不含播放器之外的任何内容。2、使用联盟播放器进行播放的时候，跳转到内容提供商的域名进行播放，具体播放机制同上；3、关闭点点播的点播服务，且不可再使用点点播进行影片发布和影片播放，关闭时间约在8月底，请相关的站长尽快更改网站使用的技术和编辑自己网站的内容。4、停止新建看看频道页，原有合作站点业务将于8月底正式关闭；5、8月底停止内容分享的内容更新，9月底正式关闭内容分享业务；推荐此类合作站点选择联盟的点播门户产品，让用户直接享受稳定的在线播放。

This paper mainly studies the issues about the copyright in electronic commerce, drawing on the basic theories and methods concerning about the research on copyright in network, and trying to connect with the characters of trade and service. This text comprises 4 parts:The first part disserts the relationship between electronic commerce and copyright protection. When digital products are traded online, more attention about copyright protection must be paid to them. And many works protected by the copyright law are suitable for electronic commerce.

本文借鉴网络环境下版权研究的基本理论与基本方法，试图结合电子商务的贸易与服务特性，对电子商务中的版权问题进行系统研究，全文共分为四个部分：第一部分论述电子商务与版权保护的关系，数字产品网上交易必须强调版权保护，而大多数受版权保护的作品适合于电子商务，电子商务的发展又对版权保护形成挑战。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。