片断的

It is the first important step in video analysis and will directly affects the effectiveness of indexing Shot boundary detection is one of our major research interests and we will tackle the following existing problems the ambiguity between gradual change and camera motion, the discontinuity during gradual change, false detection caused by illumination variation and flashlight, automatic threshold selection Firstly, we discuss shot boundary detection in non-compressed domain In chapter 2, we compare some of the commonly used detection methods which are based on frame difference and point out that single feature will not generate good results As a conclusion, we use fuzzy logic to combine multiple features Presently, most frame difference based shot boundary detection algorithms rely on threshold and hence the selection of such thresholds will greatly affect the performance of boundary detection We propose a membership function to define frame difference and calculate the membership with self adaptation according to the statistic distribution of frame differences to satisfy different type of video clips Experiments show that the proposed fuzzy shot boundary detection algorithm can be used with different video types and has a high detection precision and recall In chapter 3, we discuss model-based shot boundary detection algorithms regarding chromatic and spatial editing effects such as fade-in, fade-out, dissolve and wipe Various parameters are proposed to better describe the characteristics of each editing type.

镜头边界的检测是把视频自动地分割为一个个镜头，作为基本的索引单元，因此它是视频分析重要的第一步，直接影响到视频检索的成败。镜头边界的检测是本文研究的重点之一。目前镜头边界检测算法主要存在以下问题：渐变与镜头运动难以区别；渐变过程中的不连续与停顿、光照条件的变化及闪光灯等特殊情况会引起误检测；自动选择阈值比较困难等。本文首先针对非压缩域视频进行了镜头边界检测的研究。在第二章中我们采用了比较流行的基于帧间差的方法。在比较各种帧间差计算方法的基础上，指出使用单一的特征难以取得很好的检测效果，提出用模糊逻辑综合使用各种特征。目前大多数基于帧间差的镜头边界检测算法都采用阈值法进行镜头转换的判别。阈值选择的误差对检测性能有较大的影响，本文提出用隶属度函数定义帧间差较大、中等较大和较小等概念，并根据帧间差的统计分布自适应地确定隶属度，以适应不同类型的视频片断。实验结果表明这种基于糊逻辑的镜头边界检测算法可以适应不同的视频，并具有较高的检测精度和检出率。在第三章中采用基于模型的方法进行镜头渐变的检测，研究了淡入／淡出、慢转换和扫换的模型。

But circumstances inside the Wang Jia Wei film displays one kind sometimes all in linearity time going over and future hanging to purchase state , that often is able to point out solar terms in event beginning in image "hooligan formal biography " in famous show opening,"Chongqing tells the sum the "east evil west is poisonous to the date relapse in forest "" despite of he uses detail to go to emphasize the time concept unceasingly,these stories that he gives an account of and not special time background, they may may happen within this city corner every day, They whip the specimen being away from out in life only from the city But that you only are capable to do some detail discovering two stories is each other alternative in fact , Wang Jia Wei uses this to play hide-and-seek coming to bring about one kind of synchronic sex effect dyadic game if you had looked at "Chongqing forest " carefully,chance and nothing order having shown the present age city life now that the linearity time concept having dispeled tradition narrating is protruding, the intention having formed one kind of dyadic spirit of existentialism thereby accumulates, Wang Jia Wei applying on space is more than time benefits by associating together, If you have looked at Wang Jia Wei's work but have moved, that is by no means since are what the overall world impression initiates, but being resonance because of detail, is fragmentary as well as atmosphere called up by the subjective soliloquy that the garrulity spends can let you produce mental conception makes

王家卫电影里的场景往往都在线性时间的过去和未来中呈现出一种悬置状态，尽管他不断地用细节去强调时间概念，像《阿飞正传》里那个著名的开场、《重庆森林》里对日期的反复诉说和《东邪西毒》里经常会在事件开头指出节气，但他讲述的这些故事并没有特别的时间背景，它们可能每天都会发生在这个城市的角落里，它们只是从城市生活中抽离出来的标本。如果你仔细看过《重庆森林》，你就会发现两个故事的某些细节其实是互相交错的，王家卫用这种捉迷藏式的游戏来造成一种共时性的效果，既消解了传统叙事的线性时间观念又凸现了当代都市生活的偶然和无序，从而形成了一种存在主义式的精神意蕴，而王家卫在空间上的运用更是与其时间相得益彰，如果你看了王家卫的作品而感动的话，那绝不是由于整体世界的印象所引发的，而是因为细节、片断以及絮语化的主观独白所唤起的气氛能让你产生心领神会的共鸣使然

The extant and authentic opuscula of Francis comprise, besides the rule of the Friars Minor and some fragments of the other Seraphic legislation, several letters, including one addressed "to all the Christians who dwell in the whole world," a series of spiritual counsels addressed to his disciples, the "Laudes Creaturarum" or "Canticle of the Sun", and some lesser praises, an Office of the Passion compiled for his own use, and few other orisons which show us Francis even as Celano saw him,"not so much a man's praying as prayer itself".

现存的和真实的opuscula弗朗西斯组成，除了规则和天主教方济会的一些片断其他Seraphic立法，几封信，其中包括处理"的所有基督教徒谁住在整个世界"，一系列精神文明律师给他的弟子中，" Laudes Creaturarum "或"颂歌的太阳"，和一些较小的赞扬，一个办公室编纂的激情为自己使用，而且其他几个orisons表明我们弗朗西斯甚至切拉诺看见他，不是一个人的祈祷的祈祷本身。

They lose themselves in the titillation of language and form; they are infatuated with fragmentary appropriations of the classics; they are infatuated with the emptiness of decline and the passion of desire. As with the Western artists Jan Saudek and Joel-Peter Witkin, 'real-world objects should give up any idea of entering my pictures,' unless they undergo restructuring—by the artist's own taste and proclivities, by an amalgam of memory and fantasy, by a tone of pensive irony, or by seemingly absurd but in fact accurate imagination, thus restructuring the individual's relation to reality. It does not hurt to call these artists' work realism, but it is a kind of 'psychological realism' which 'extracts a deeper level of genuineness from fictive objects.

他们迷恋于语言与形式的快感，迷恋于对文化经典的片断性挪用，迷恋于衰朽的虚无或色欲的激情，与简·索德克、乔·彼得·威金（Joel-Peter Witkin）那样的西方艺术家相似，"现实中的事物永远别想进入画面"，除非是经过了他们的重构——以其个人的趣味与癖好，以混合着追忆与幻想、伤感与反讽的语调，以看似荒诞其实准确的想象力，重构了个人与现实之间的关系，你也不妨将他们的作品称之为现实主义，但那是一种"心理现实主义"——"从虚构的事物之中抽取出更深层的真实。"

After the cell growth curves was recorded, RPE cells of the 3-5th passages were utilized. 2、Three different siRNA (siRNAl,siRNA2,siRNA3) targeting against human cx43 gene and one negative control siRNA were designed and transfected into cultured human RPE cells via liposome reagent. The most effective siRNA can be determined by semi-quantitative reverse transcription PCRRT-PCR. 3、To the most effective siRNA, after transfected into human RPEs with different concentration, the cellular proliferate activities were messured by MTT colorimetry ; the percentages of RPE in different cell circle phase was assayed by FCM; the changes of phenotypical properities were observed with SCM; the protein expression of cx43 was studied through immunocytochemistry stain and Weston blot; the communication intercellular was calculated with FRAP; and the ability of recovery was assessed by using an in vitro wound healing model.4、The total proteins of siRNA1 and RPE were seperated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and visualized by silver staining. Proteins with significant expression alterations were selected and their peptide mass fingerprints (PMFs were obtained by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flying mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS).The PMFs were used to search NCBInr database by Auto MS-Fit software.

实验方法：1、培养原代的人RPE细胞，经过细胞角蛋白、S-100和神经胶质原纤维酸性蛋白免疫细胞化学鉴定后，通过AO/PI染色技术确定培养细胞的存活率，描记其生长曲线，第3-5代用于以下细胞实验2、生物合成针对人cx43基因的三条小干扰RNA和一条阴性RNA通过脂质体转染RPE细胞后，通过RT-PCR的方法确定抑制效率最高的干扰片断3、将该片段以不同浓度通过阳离子脂质体转染培养的人RPE细胞后，采用MTT法观察其对细胞的增殖力的作用；通过流式细胞仪观察其对细胞周期的影响；通过扫描电镜观察其对细胞形态的影响；通过免疫细胞化学和Weston blot观察其对cx43蛋白表达的作用；采用激光共聚焦和荧光淬灭恢复技术观察荧光恢复速率平均百分率，评价其对细胞间通讯功能的影响；通过制作RPE细胞损伤模型，观察其对损伤修复能力的作用4、分离纯化转染siRNA的RPE组和正常对照组RPE细胞的全部蛋白质，应用等电聚焦电泳和SDS-PAGE双向电泳技术，银染显示分离出的蛋白质斑点，经凝胶图像分析软件对两个样本进行胶图分析，寻找差异蛋白点。

Alpers is surely right when he argues that the critique of totalitarianism by writers like Arendt is of a piece with their critique of popular culture, which they attacked as culture manufactured for the mass of unindividuated individuals, atomized beings able to feel alive only in their frenzied response to empty celebrity.

阿尔波斯认为，那些作家比如阿伦特，对极权主义的批判是他们对制造大量非个性化的个人、原子化的人只能在对虚夸的伟人的狂暴的回应中才能感觉自身存在的大众文化的批判的一个片断，此时，阿尔波斯确实是正确的。

Hou uses a retrospective and reflective attitude in making this movie, scripting this historical incident to happen to a normal family, so that the story can be dealt with more rationally. On the other hand, he purposely posed Wenqing, the protagonist in the movie, as a mute. The protagonist being a mute seems to bring about a great restriction to the development of the story, but from another point of view, it actually maximizes the artistic potential of the movie. Visual footages were being presented continuously, and with the various incomplete images being pieced up gradually, it presents Wenqing's world to the viewers in an even clearer light.

导演以一种追忆和反思的姿态面对摄影机介入在已经流逝的时空里演绎一段历史事件在台湾平民家族所发生的故事以一种更为理性的态度去面对和思考电影本身的含义，却偏偏安排了文清，一个哑巴作为整个故事的主角，将电影化的手法扩大到最大，不能说话让故事的进行产生了很大的限制，在另一个角度来看却是将艺术的能量最大空间的给予了发挥的可能性，视觉资源被不断地挖掘，给了看的内容和条件，让人事物的原初画面在断裂的片断中慢慢的连接起来，残象贯穿正是让文清的世界变得更加的明朗化。

On the third day, the themes began to emerge out of each group: the wind distortion on the unobstructed river embankment and sounds of stones striking objects, led into the man-made mechanical systems of the MRT at the Taipei Main Station, followed by the Madams speaking with a local twang in a alleyway off Huaxi Street, a young foreign woman whispering and teasing, passersby flipping through pirated DVDs that are encased in plastic cases, and karaoke, the modulated looping of non-melodic electronic effects. These environmental sounds become timeless ambiance and a cross-section of memory. We observe the world through sound, using point of sound as a capturing angel for imagery and through digital wave imaging to illustrate the soundscape.

第三天各组的主题渐渐地浮上来；河堤旁空旷的风阻声与小石击物的动作声，带进台北车站内火车捷运的人造机械系统，尔后，华西街小巷内的老鸨多操著本籍口音，暗暗私语的是外籍年轻小姐的笑骂，旁人翻动盗版DVD的塑胶壳与卡拉 OK，无音律的电子效果经过回路改造再制，转成大空永恒的环境音，切著记忆的片断，以声音去看世界，以发声点为摄像的角度，更透过电子波型图示音景自载的起承转合。

The extant and authentic opuscula of Francis comprise, besides the rule of the Friars Minor and some fragments of the other Seraphic legislation, several letters, including one addressed "to all the Christians who dwell in the whole world," a series of spiritual counsels addressed to his disciples, the "Laudes Creaturarum" or "Canticle of the Sun", and some lesser praises, an Office of the Passion compiled for his own use, and few other orisons which show us Francis even as Celano saw him,"not so much a man's praying as prayer itself".

现存的和真实的opuscula弗朗西斯组成，除了规则和天主教方济会的一些片断其他Seraphic立法，几封信，其中包括处理&的所有基督教徒谁住在整个世界&，一系列精神文明律师给他的弟子中，& Laudes Creaturarum &或&颂歌的太阳&，和一些较小的赞扬，一个办公室编纂的激情为自己使用，而且其他几个orisons表明我们弗朗西斯甚至切拉诺看见他，不是一个人的祈祷的祈祷本身。

In writing this biography however I did obtain a significant number of authentic,little-known diaries of the people around Hitler,including an unpublished segment of Jodl's diary;the official diary kept for OKW chief Wilhelm Keitel by his adjutant Wolf Eberhard,and Eberhard's own diary for the years 1936 through 1939;the diary of Nikolaus von Vormann,army liaison officer to Hitler during August and September 1939;and the diaries kept by Martin Bormann and by Hitler's personal adjutant Max Wunsche relating to Hitler's movements.

然而，在写这部传记的时候，我仍然还是获得了大量可信的，不为人知的希特勒身边众人的日记，包括一本从未出版过的约德尔的日记片断；由副官沃尔夫·埃伯哈特代为保管的国防军最高司令部军务总监威廉·凯特尔的官方日记，以及埃伯哈特自己的1936至1939年的日记；1939年8月至9月陆军与希特勒之间的联络官尼古劳斯·冯·福曼的日记；还有马丁·鲍曼与希特勒的私人副官马克斯·文舍记录希特勒行为的日记。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。