爱因斯坦理论的

Now, Newton's theory of gravitation, Einstein's relativity theory, quantum mechanics, Marxism, Freudism, are all research programmes, each with a characteristic hard core stubbornly defended, each with its more flexible protective belt and each with its elaborate problem-solving machinery.

牛顿的万有引力理论、爱因斯坦的相对论、量子力学、马克思主义、弗洛伊德主义都是研究纲领，它们各有一个受到顽强保护的独特的硬核，各有自己较为灵活的保护带，并且各有自己精心考虑的解题手段。

It reviews the physics development before the birth of special relativity at the beginning of 20th century, and gives the important reasons why many famous physicists, such as Hendrik Antoon Lorentz, Henri Poincaré, failed to create a new theory, though they had already obtained some very important results, almost close to this great theory.

对20世纪初相对论诞生之前的物理学发展进行了回顾，分析了在1905年爱因斯坦发表著名的狭义相对论之前，物理学家如洛伦兹、庞加莱等人尽管已经走到了狭义相对论的边缘，得到了狭义相对论的一些结论，但最终却没能创建一个全新的物理学理论体系的深刻内因。

Riemann's new idea of space proved crucial in Einstein 's general relativity theory and Riemannian geometry , which considers very general spaces in which the notion of length is defined, is a mainstay of modern geometry.

黎曼的新思路的关键空间证明爱因斯坦的广义相对论理论和黎曼几何，其中认为非常笼统的空间中，长度的概念界定，是一个主体的现代几何。

Arthur Leonard Schawlow, for some time a professor at Stanford University but now deceased, showed theoretically that masers could be made to operate in the optical and infrared region and proposed how this could be accomplished in particular systems.

这个实验的精度是前无先例的，能测出小到10^-12的相对频率偏差，这更确凿地证实了七十多年前迈克耳孙-莫雷的实验结果，这个实验以及当时发现不久的穆斯堡尔效应，都证实了爱因斯坦的相对论理论。

The main characters in Lightman's stories are the theoretical physicists Albert Einstein, Edward Teller, and Richard Feynman, and the observational astronomer Vera Rubin. Not only is Rutherford absent, but almost all experimental scientists are absent too. The only experimenter who makes an appearance on Lightman's stage is Joseph Weber, a brilliant and tragic figure whose experiments turned out to be wrong. The mainstream experimenters who explored the universe of particles and fields, continuing to play Rutherford's game, taking the watch to pieces to see how it works, do not appear at all.

莱特曼故事中的主角是理论物理学家阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦、爱德华·泰勒、理查德·费曼以及天文观测家维拉·鲁宾，不单卢瑟福缺席了，几乎所有实验科学家都缺席了，莱特曼书中唯一露面的实验科学家是约瑟夫·韦伯，一位才华横溢但悲剧性的角色，他的试验被证明是错的，沿着卢瑟福把物体拆散来研究这一方向对粒子和场世界进行探索的实验科学家的主流根本没有露面。

With Death guitarist Schuldiner adopting vocal duties, the band made a major impact on the scene.

随着死亡的吉他手Schuldiner接受主唱的职务，乐队在现实中树立了重要的影响。

But he could still end up breakfasting on Swiss-government issue muesli because all six are accused of nicking around 45 million pounds they should have paid to FIFA.

不过他最后仍有可能沦为瑞士政府&议事餐桌&上的一道早餐，因为这所有六个人都被指控把本应支付给国际足联的大约4500万英镑骗了个精光。