爆炸

The results indicate that: the cavity radius becomes stable at approximately 6000μs;the blasting pressure waves mainly are transmitted horizontally;the peak pressure has a negative logarithm relationship with distance perpendicular to the charging bisector;and the valid influence area r.

应用ANSYS/LS-DYNA有限元程序对条形装药黄土地基中爆炸过程进行了三维数值模拟，发现在6000μs爆炸空腔已基本稳定，条形装药爆炸产生的压力波以水平方向传播为主，装药中垂线方向爆炸产生的峰值压力与离中垂线距离呈负对数关系，土的有效影响范围半径大约为爆炸后形成的空腔半径的4倍。

Theoretical Part: Through theoretical analysis of chemothermodynamics, combustion and engineering thermodynamics, factors that affect explosion limit were determined, which include temperature, pressure, spark ignition energy, electrode shape, direction of flame propagation and size of explosion vessel.

理论部分：根据化学热力学、燃烧学和工程热力学的基础理论，从本质上定性地分析了爆炸极限的影响因素，包括温度、压力、爆炸容器的大小、点火能量大小、以及火焰传播方向等，得出了这些影响因素对爆炸极限的影响规律，以确保实验有完整的理论基础指导；在此基础上本文提出了一种新的推算在常温常压下可燃性纯质和混合工质制冷剂爆炸极限浓度的理论方法，该方法由可燃性气体的化学组成来推算上下限浓度，不需要其它条件；对混合工质制冷剂，只要再知道混合配比，即可以推算出爆炸极限，使预测爆炸极限的工作更简单、方便。

Through analysis of the explosion peculiarity, sort, risk assessment index of explosive and exploder, and impact of blast as well, the difficulties during operation are present.

通过分析爆炸特性、分类和爆炸物质危险特性，以及爆炸的危害作用，指出了爆炸灾害事故处置的难点问题，对处置爆炸灾害事故需要的专业理论、应掌握的技战术要点、心理训练和灭火救援准备进行了阐述。

Go off 爆炸:Don't touch that unexploded bomb; it might go off!

不要碰那个没爆炸的炸弹，它可能爆炸。

The finer sizes have lower minimum explosible concentrations and higher explosion intensity. When particle sizes of coal dust are less than 75 μm,minimum explosible concentrations and explosion intensity approach a limiting value. In the concentration range measured ( less than 700 g/m3), maximum explosion pressures, maximum rates of pressure rise and explosion indices increase along with the increase of coal dust concentrations. Explosion intensity rapidly enhances along with ignition energy augmenting. Explosion reaction is weak while ignition energy is less than 1 kJ.

煤粉越细，其爆炸下限越低，爆炸烈度越大，但煤粉细到75 μm以下后，这种变化趋势趋缓；在所测浓度范围内(小于700 g/m3)，最大爆压、最大压力上升速率和爆炸指数均随煤粉浓度增大而增大；爆炸烈度随点火能增大而迅速增强，点火能小于1 kJ时各煤样在不同浓度的爆炸都很微弱。

Regardless to the research development or industrial application, nano metal powders are extensively discussed. Within these powders, the flammable and explosible nano aluminum, titanium and iron powders produce a great amount production and apply widely. Meanwhile, the surface/volume ratio of powders is increased significantly under nano scale, in which to enhance the ignition opportunity. Thus, the dust explosion hazard risk of nano powders could remarkable rise. In addition, the comparison of explosion phenomenon, test methods and quantification parameters between nano and micro scale is necessary to deeply investigate further. So that this project operates the explosion characteristic experiments to measure and determine such the maximum explosion pressure, minimum explosion concentration and explosion characteristic Kst value on above mentioned three nano metal powders. Expectantly, to provide the appropriate recommendations of safety prevention for nano dust explosion based on the experimental results.

奈米金属粉末无论是研究发展或是工业界应用，目前皆是广泛讨论研究之材料，其中，奈米铝粉、奈米钛粉以及奈米铁粉等可燃、爆性粉末，均有高额产量及大量应用领域，与此同时，在粉末粒径进入奈米尺度的情况下，粉尘比表面积大幅提升，增加此三种粉尘可被点燃的机会，因此，潜在的粉尘爆炸危害风险将广幅增加，另外，微米尺度粉尘爆炸的现象、测试方法以及量化参数是否具有相同的实验尺度基点，也需要深入探讨，故本次计画针对上述三种奈米金属粉末，进行三种不同粒径的爆炸特性参数实验，如最大爆炸压力、最低爆炸浓度以及爆炸特性参数Kst值之量测与计算，期能量化其粉尘爆炸特性，并据此提出适当的安全防护建议。

DEADLY BLASTS \ 致命的爆炸 A man grieved at the site of the bombing outside the Baghdad provincial governorate.

上周日，巴格达连续发生两起以政府办公楼为目标的自杀式爆炸袭击，造成大约155人死亡，其中包括24名儿童。

When I look at your heavens, the work of your fingers,/ the moon and the stars that your have established…"(Psalms 8: 3) All things are regular."Explosion theory believers think that all things come forward in explosion; either the sun or the moon came forward in explosion. But as we know, things coming forward in explosion are irregular. On the contrary, the motion of all things is so regular, which cannot have been the result of explosion.

我观看你指头所造的天，并你所陈设的月亮星宿……&（诗8：3）的确，万物的存在有其规律，相信&爆炸说的人认为宇宙万物是由爆炸产生的，1个太阳、1个月亮都是爆炸的产物；而实际上我们知道，爆炸的产物是无规律的，而宇宙万物的运行是如此有规律，根本不可能是爆炸产生的。

Combined with indoor experiments and concrete blasting engineering projects and according to the theories of elastics, dynamic waves and dynamic fracture mechanics, this chapter thoroughly discussed the influence of rock structure on energy distribution of explosive charge, stress wave and blasting results.

岩体对爆炸荷载反作用的研究：从辩证法的角度出发，提出了爆炸荷载与岩体之间是一种作用与反作用的关系，结合室内实验和具体的工程爆破实践，依据弹性理论、断裂力学理论和波动理论，详尽地讨论了岩体结构面对爆炸能量分布的影响、岩体结构面对爆炸应力波的反作用和岩体结构面对爆炸效果的影响等问题。

Using Field single ignition experiments of the four unconfined volume dispersion and small dosage solid FAE and TNT bombs experiments, we got the peak overpressures of solid FAE at different distances. Compared with TNT, The overpressure of FAE is 1.14~1.6 times higher than that of the TNT. Based on the theory of the air shock wave overpressure, the FAE relativity TNT mass is evaluated. At the edge of the explosive field, the number is 3.88. Pictures of high speed photography indicate that the duration and the most effect area of the FAE and TNT. Compared with TNT, obviously the FAE has more advantages. And, based on the theory of the critical concentration of dust explosion, the radius of dust explosive zone is evaluated. The phenomenon that the overpressure decays rapidly with distance is analyzed. It is suggested that the explosive temperature should be increased as the main approach to improve the FAE explosive capability in the condition when the over pressure is invariable.

通过四组无约束固态燃料空气炸药装置与等质量的TNT在野外开放空间的一次起爆对比实验，测得了不同配方组份FAE装置在不同距离的爆炸超压分布，FAE装置峰值超压比相同距离的TNT高1.14-1.6倍；并运用空气冲击波峰值超压公式计算出了FAE的等效爆炸TNT当量随距离的变化关系，在爆炸场边缘区，FAE装置爆炸当量达到了3.88倍TNT当量；通过高速摄影的图片得到了爆炸产生火球的持续时间和最大作用范围，与等质量TNT爆炸火球相比，FAE的优势明显；运用粉尘爆炸下极限浓度估算了云雾爆轰区半径，并分析了测量到的固态FAE爆炸场的压力分布单调衰减的原因；建议在保持超压不变的情况下，把提高爆温作为提高FAE爆炸性能的主要途径。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。