燃烧中的

The effects of excess air coefficient and cylinder pressure on these spectra are also studied. The experimental resultS show that the three different combustion phases in a gasoline engine have different combustion characteristic spectra: a large number of atoms, molecules, ions and radicals which are in their excited states are existing during the ignition process, with the development of the combustion, the spectra intensities of CH, C2 radicals increase rapidly.

实验结果表明，汽油机三个不同的燃烧阶段具有不同的燃烧光谱特征：着火过程中，存在着大量的处于激发态的分子、原子、离子、自由基等活化中心的束缚态光谱，随着燃烧发展，CH、C2自由基的光谱强度明显加强；当减小过量空气系数时，光谱强度变弱并且着火延迟期增长；自由基特征光谱的光强变化曲线可以反映它们在燃烧过程中的浓度变化。

The essential content of this model is that the real combustion law of the charge is reflected by experimental functional relationship of producing rate of propellant gas and pressure, and the combustion process of the charge in closed-bomb is divided into progressive and digressive burning process by using the judge of relative pressure impulse Z, then the whole combustion process of the charge is applied in the interior ballistic calculation.

该模型的本质内容是用实验的〓～P反映装药的实际燃烧规律，通过相对压力冲量Z对分裂点的判断，将装药在密闭爆发器中的燃烧划分为增面燃烧和减面燃烧两个阶段，并对应的将其应用到装药计算的全过程中。

The combustion events in the swirl chamber and the main chamber are processed differently. The combustion in the swirl chamber is broken into three phases: low temperature ignition, high temperature premixed combustion and flamelet diffusion combustion, while the combustion in the main chamber is only considered as flamelet diffusion combustion. The Shell ignition model, global Arrhenius equation and coherent flamelet model are used to describe low temperature ignition kinetics, high temperature premixed kinetics combustion and flamelet diffusion combustion respectively.

把涡流室式柴油机不同区域与不同时期的燃烧过程分开处理，将涡流室中的燃烧过程划分为三个性质不同但相互重叠的阶段：用Shell着火模型模拟的低温着火化学动力学反应阶段，用Arrhenius方程模拟的高温预混燃烧化学动力学反应阶段和用相关火焰微元模型模拟的扩散燃烧阶段，认为主燃烧室的燃烧只有相关火焰微元的扩散燃烧阶段。

So the possibility of the powder quantity excessing the furnace's limitation pressure must be noticed . In conclusion, compared with combusting biomass in the initial condition, the method of combustion biomass in powder by the circumfluence furnace can greatly improve the combustion properties and effiency.

与传统的直接燃烧未破碎的生物质相比，粉体在回流式燃烧炉中燃烧的方式改变了破碎前生物质以固相燃烧为主的性状，极大地提高了生物质的燃烧效率和能源品位。

By Using the 3 D unsteady state heat transfer equation,the heat convection and radiation between the checker and the gas which flows through the checker holes,and the heat conduction among the checker in the chamber of the hot blast stove were studied.

应用三维非稳态热量传输方程，对高炉热风炉在燃烧过程中蓄热室内格子砖与气体之间的对流和辐射传热，以及格子砖内部的导热过程进行了耦合求解得到了在燃烧期内格子砖及燃烧过程中燃烧废气的温度分布情况及其随时间的变化规

In view that the combustion efficiency and flame stability are affected by the interaction of flow and combustion, further systematical research on phenomena and mechanism of the interaction between flow and combustion in supersonic combustors is needed.

由于流动与燃烧的相互作用直接影响超声速燃烧室中的燃烧效率与燃烧稳定性，因此有必要对超声速燃烧室中流动与燃烧的相互作用现象及其机理进一步开展系统深入的研究工作。

A:The content increment of the carbon dioxide in the atmosphere: It imply various complicated composition in the fuel, at burnable after produce various harmful material, even not the fuel with miscellaneous quality attains the complete combustion, also wanting to produce the water and carbon dioxides, positive because the fuel combustion makes the carbon dioxide in the atmosphere density increased continuously, breaking the balance of the nature carbon dioxide, to go to and may cause" green house effect", cause the Earth air temperature rise.

一：大气中二氧化碳的含量增加：燃料中含有各种复杂的成分，在燃烧后产生各种有害物质，即使不含杂质的燃料达到完全燃烧，也要产生水和二氧化碳，正因为燃料燃烧使大气中的二氧化碳浓度不断增加，破坏了自然界二氧化碳的平衡，以至可能引发&温室效应&，致使地球气温上升。

Toxicity testing of fire effluents; part 4: the fire model furnaces and combustion apparatus used in small-scale testing

燃烧废物的毒性试验。第4部分：燃烧模式小型试验中使用物燃烧炉和燃烧仪表

At present there exit many problems on pulverized coal combustion technology, for example, poor flame stability (including for low-grade fuels and low load), low combustion efficiency, serious pollution, furnace slagging and high temperature corrosion, etc. Therefore solving these problems is very important for pulverized coal-fired utility boilers.

目前我国煤粉燃烧技术中存在的主要问题是燃烧不稳定（包括劣质煤稳燃和低负荷稳燃）、燃烧效率低、污染严重、结渣和高温腐蚀问题等，解决这些问题是煤粉锅炉安全、稳定、高效和清洁燃烧的基本保证，也是今后煤粉燃烧技术的发展方向。

To improve the safety of smoking, we have developed a Virginia type cigarette of low tar, low free radicals and rich selenium A variety of techniques were adopted in our research work These techniques include adding catalysts which can speed up the decomposition of organic compounds and reduce the products of dry distillation, applying combustion\|supporting agents to cut tobacco to raise the temperature of burning zone and accelerate the speed of combustion, combining rich selenium tobacco in cigarett...

在研制过程中，利用一系列工艺技术，如选择能够促进有机化合物裂解、减少干馏物形成的催化剂添加到卷烟烟丝中来降低焦油释放量；选择能够提高燃烧锥温度和燃烧速率的助燃剂；添加高效能的自由基捕获剂来捕获卷烟燃烧过程中产生的自由基；在叶组配方中使用一定量的富硒烟叶等。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。