燃烧

A:The content increment of the carbon dioxide in the atmosphere: It imply various complicated composition in the fuel, at burnable after produce various harmful material, even not the fuel with miscellaneous quality attains the complete combustion, also wanting to produce the water and carbon dioxides, positive because the fuel combustion makes the carbon dioxide in the atmosphere density increased continuously, breaking the balance of the nature carbon dioxide, to go to and may cause" green house effect", cause the Earth air temperature rise.

一：大气中二氧化碳的含量增加：燃料中含有各种复杂的成分，在燃烧后产生各种有害物质，即使不含杂质的燃料达到完全燃烧，也要产生水和二氧化碳，正因为燃料燃烧使大气中的二氧化碳浓度不断增加，破坏了自然界二氧化碳的平衡，以至可能引发&温室效应&，致使地球气温上升。

At the same time, this model is used to predict the NOx emission durion coal combustion and heavy metal vaparization during incination of wastes.

研究表明，影响颗粒团燃烧特性的因素是多方面的，其中由于气固分布与流动非均匀性所带来的颗粒团内部的燃烧气氛的差异性是影响颗粒团燃烧特性的最重要因素。

Based on the fundament of analyses of abroad and our country CNG engine technology, the developing strategy of CNG engine has suggested. Based on the EQD180-20 diesel which the basic construction unchanged, the necessary modified designing for CNG engine was made which included combustion system, intake and exhaust system, cylinder head, piston, and turbocharger.

在分析国内外天然气发动机技术的基础上，提出了满足国3排放的电控喷射单燃料CNG发动机开发方案；以EQD180-20柴油机为基础机型，在基本不改变原机结构的前提下，对燃烧系统、进排气系统、气缸盖、活塞和增压中冷系统进行相应的变型设计；采用稀薄燃烧、增压中冷、低涡流燃烧系统、电控分组点火、开环控制、电控CNG喷射系统和氧化型催化器等技术，降低排放，保持天然气发动机的动力性和经济性。

The region of smoke flow of the fire has been measured by making use of tracer tick.

研究火灾燃烧烟气流动规律，对于掌握初期形式为燃烧的单炕道的火灾的发生和发展，以及爆炸后有持续燃烧的火灾发展规律，具有十分重要的意义。

The structure of supersonic combustion flow field was analyzed. The effects of temperature and equivalent ratio of supersonic premixed flow on the structure of supersonic combustion flow field, ignition and flame propagation were studied.

采用普通的纹影系统实现了高温超声速燃烧流场显示；对超声速燃烧流场结构作出了分析；研究了超声速预混可燃气的温度以及当量比对超声速燃烧流场结构、点火与火焰传播特性的影响。

On the other hand, the large proportion of water in CWS causes ignition delay and flame instability. The great challenge confronted by CWS combustion facility makes it necessary to optimize its geometric structure and working condition.

水煤浆中大量的水分导致点火延迟，难于稳定燃烧，因此也给水煤浆的燃烧设备提出了挑战，需要对燃烧设备的几何结构和操作工况进行优化。

The gas burning and air preheating procedure in flues operates on a cyclic basis in which some flues are burning gas and others are giving up their heat to incoming combustion air.

烟道中煤气的燃烧和空气的预热是循环进行的，当某些烟道正燃烧煤气时，另一些烟道则在加热导入的供燃烧用的空气。

Air for combustion is drawn into the battery heating system,where it is heated by passing through flues in which gas was earlier burnt, then the preheated air is introduced into individual heating flues to support combustion of gas provided through jets.

燃烧所需的空气被引入焦化设备的加热系统，并使其通过其中已有燃烧着的煤气的烟道而被加热。然后，预热过的空气被导入各个加热烟道以维持由入口喷出的煤气的燃烧。

Firstly, the principle and method of designing the combustion characteristics ofsmall grain-binding high-burning-rate propellant are analyzed and discussed, theburning behaviors and energy characteristic of the component content and binder andsmall grain propellant are respectively calculated by the estimating burning rateprocedure based on the chemical structure and characteristic of propellant, and theREALthermodynamics system software. The selection principle of component contentwhen designing the burning behavior and energy characteristic is analyzed.

首先，分析讨论了小球粘结高燃速推进剂燃烧性能设计原理及方法，采用基于推进剂化学结构与特征反应关系的燃速预估程序和REAL热力学系统软件分别计算了组分含量与黏结剂和小球药燃烧性能、能量性能的关系，分析了推进剂燃烧性能、能量性能设计时组分含量的选择原则。

The effects of port injected n-heptane equivalence ratio and iso-octane direct injection timing are investigated experimentally and numerically. The results indicate that the combustion mode of iso-octane is dependant on the iso-octane direct injection timing corresponding to the stage of n-heptane HCCI combustion. In case of direct injection before the low temperature reaction of n-heptane, premixed combustion of the iso-octane occurs. In case of direct injection at the NTC period or the initial high temperature reaction stage of n-heptane, the iso-octane mainly undergoes premixed combustion.

进一步采用进气道预喷正庚烷，缸内直喷异辛烷，在没有火花点火和热EGR的辅助下利用预喷正庚烷HCCI燃烧产生活化热氛围的热作用和化学作用引燃缸内直喷高辛烷值燃料异辛烷，系统研究了不同预喷正庚烷当量比和缸内直喷时刻对直喷异辛烷燃烧模式、发动机效率和排放的影响，并用三维CFD耦合化学反应动力学对其燃烧过程进行数值模拟。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。