燃烧

Some conclusions are followed:(1)the reaction ratio of boron is 12% in primary combustion;(2)the degree of agglomeration can be decreased adopting boron coated with AP;(3)the content of oxygen is very important for afterburning efficiency;(4)the afterburning efficiency will be changed with different air-gas ratio;(5)the head distance of after-burning chamber is increasing, the circumfluence in the head of after-burning chamber is stronger and the distribution of fuel backward the after-burning chamber is more well-proportioned.(6)the combustion efficiency of DR will be improved by increasing the area of fuel nozzle.(7)the angle between dual air-inlets have complex influence with the combustion of DR.

通过本项研究，取得如下结论：（1）一次燃烧硼反应比例在12～15％之间；（2）AP包覆硼，可以降低硼结团度，有利于一次燃烧喷射效率的提高，也有利于硼在补燃室进行二次燃烧；（3）进气空气中的氧含量对二次燃烧非常重要；（4）对于一定配方的含硼富燃推进剂，不同的空燃比，二次燃烧效率不同；（5）补燃室头部距离的增加能增强补燃室头部回流以及提高燃料在补燃室后段分布的均匀性；（6）在一定范围内，增加一次燃气喷嘴面积能提高冲压发动机燃料的燃烧效率；（7）进气道夹角对补燃室内燃料的燃烧影响复杂。

The combustion events in the swirl chamber and the main chamber are processed differently. The combustion in the swirl chamber is broken into three phases: low temperature ignition, high temperature premixed combustion and flamelet diffusion combustion, while the combustion in the main chamber is only considered as flamelet diffusion combustion. The Shell ignition model, global Arrhenius equation and coherent flamelet model are used to describe low temperature ignition kinetics, high temperature premixed kinetics combustion and flamelet diffusion combustion respectively.

把涡流室式柴油机不同区域与不同时期的燃烧过程分开处理，将涡流室中的燃烧过程划分为三个性质不同但相互重叠的阶段：用Shell着火模型模拟的低温着火化学动力学反应阶段，用Arrhenius方程模拟的高温预混燃烧化学动力学反应阶段和用相关火焰微元模型模拟的扩散燃烧阶段，认为主燃烧室的燃烧只有相关火焰微元的扩散燃烧阶段。

The fragmentation of clarain and culm tends to be severely with the increase of particle size, bed temperature and combustion time.

粒径越大，炉床温度越高，燃烧时间越长，破碎越剧烈；亮煤与灰煤在燃烧中均发生了二次破碎，其中亮煤的二次破碎更剧烈；燃烧后期，亮煤的颗粒破碎比灰煤更快；由于破碎，入炉煤颗粒平均粒径在燃烧早期迅速减小，而后随着燃烧的进行而逐步趋于一个稳定值；亮煤在流化床燃烧中服从等密度燃烧模式，暗煤服从等直径燃烧模式，而灰煤则服从混合燃烧模式。

Compared with conventional combustion, catalytic combustion is fameless, in which VOC is pre-mixed with air, then passes homogenously catalyst bed and burned efficiently. More significantly,because catalytic combustion may be performed under lower temperature, N2 in air is free of being oxidized into NOX, which is responsible for the formation of acidic rain ,at the same time when catalytic combustion happens.

与普通燃烧方式相比，催化燃烧是无焰燃烧，VOC与空气进行预混合后，均匀通过催化剂床层，在活性粒子的催化作用下实现燃烧，具有很高的燃烧效率，而且催化燃烧能显著降低燃烧温度，避免了其燃烧时将空气中氮气同时氧化，形成氮氧化物，从而避免了酸雨的产生。

Ltd's 40 t/h boiler heating surface has been optimized based on the analysis of coal-fired boiler and gas-fired boiler's different characteristics and heat transfer technology. At the same time, combustion mode and measures of stable combustion are analyzed and discussed, for the flameless combustion technology characters such as combustion speed, high-temperature, combusting completely and the stability of combustion, easy to operate, with the different combustion characteristics of blast furnace gas, coke-oven gas, converter gas and the actual needs of Chongqing Iron and Steel Co. Ltd's gas balance, a suitable combustion device is designed to improve boiler's thermal efficiency, recovery efficient of by-product gas, and reducing gas emission.

本文通过对燃煤锅炉与燃气锅炉的不同特点对比分析以及受热面传热技术的探讨，对重钢40t/h锅炉受热面进行了优化改造；同时对燃气燃烧方式以及强化燃烧的技术措施进行了分析和讨论，利用无焰燃烧技术的燃烧速度快、燃烧温度高，燃烧完全及扩散燃烧技术的燃烧稳定、运行可靠、结构简单等特点，结合高、焦炉煤气的不同燃烧特性和重钢煤气平衡的实际需要，选择、设计了合适的燃烧装置，实现了提高锅炉热效率，高效回收利用副产煤气，降低煤气放散的目的。

FleIm; flem/ v 1 burn with a brighter flame 燃烧;发出火焰: The burning coals started to flame yellow and orange.

燃烧著的煤开始发出了黄色与橙色的火焰。

These concrete worksare the following:1, a new heterogonous SHS model had been proposed, which first included all the relativematerials characters, such as reactants particle sizes, changeable heat-conductivity and massdiffusion during SHS and so on, and its chemical reaction characters, initial combustion status.This new model made a more precise prediction about the SHS combustion way and itsTechnological characters possible.2, with the heterogonous SHS model, lots of combustion way had been imitated by changesystems relative factors and the rule of the combustion way change had also been studied,chemical reaction in these systems was controlled by a single mechanism.

在该模型中，首次将体系的微观不均匀特性、体系的基本物性及燃烧过程中的化学反应机理与整体燃烧动力学行为联系在一起，从而为更加准确地预测和控制SHS体系的燃烧行为，优化SHS的工艺过程奠定了理论基础。2、采用非均质燃烧模型，通过对相关参数的改变，模拟SHS燃烧过程中的各种燃烧行为，并研究了燃烧行为变化的规律。

The index of flame retardant property,material,product structure and relevant method of test of the antiflaming flexible cable is established according to the standard of GB/T18301-2001《the Third Part of Burning Test of cables in the Condition of flame:Method of Buring Test of Bunchy Wires and Cables》.The Cable will emanate the bad gas in buring to causethe the second calamity,so the smoke capacity of the cable in burning should be tested according to the standard of IECl034-2(1991)《the Second Part of Method of Smoke Concentration Test ofCable 1n Burning:Procedure and Requirement ofTest》The Liberation of Gas 1n burning is tested according to the standard of IEC754-2(1991)《the Second Part of Test of Liberatlon of Burning Materlal from Cable:Method to Measure the ACidity with the Measured PH and Conductlvltv》.

对阻燃型软电缆所要求的阻燃性能指标，是根据GB/T18301-2001《电缆在火焰条件下的燃烧试验第3部分：成束电线或电缆的燃烧试验方法》标准的规定而确定其电缆的材料要求、产品结构和相应的试验方法；对于耐火性试验，并考虑到电缆在火焰中会散发有害气体，造成&二次灾害&，所以还规定了对电缆燃烧时发烟量进行试验，按IECl034-2(1991)《电缆在特定条件下燃烧的烟浓度试验方法第二部分试验步骤和要求》以及燃烧时析出气体按IEC754-2(1991)《取白电缆的村料燃烧时析山气体的试验第二部分用测量PH值和导电率来测量气体酸度的方法》进行试验。

By regression of experimental data, therules of the linkage between these factors, which will provide a theoretical basis for designing BBP with different scales.3 Using thermal analysis technology and dynamic thermogravimetry, the paper studies combustion kinetic characteristics of 3 types of agricultural crops at different rate of temperature rise, and thus, achieved dynamic parameters of these fuels at different rate of temperature, established dynamic model of straw combustion, which reflects the dynamic process in the fast combustion area.4 Characteristics of straw briquette combustion was experimented, focusing on the impact of straw type, temperature, air supply, and density, diameter, and weight of briquette on the combustion speed, and the following conclusions were drawn:(1) combustion of straw briquette fuel is static permeation diffusion combustion;(2) temperature has a larger impact on the speed of straw briquette combustion than air supply; the higher the combustion temperature is, the faster volatilizable component separates out, and the less steady the combustion is;(3) density of briquette fuel has impact on the speed of volatilizable component separation and therefore the combustion speed;(4) increase of diameter and weight of briquette fuel increases the average combustion speed in the initial stage, and that in the later stages is comparatively steady;(5) the proportion of volatilizable component in straw briquette fuel is high, therefore, the temperature control during combustion under the rational ventilation condition is essential to ensure its safe combustion.5 Using the above-mentioned results of experiments and theoretical analysis, and based on thought of hydraulic driven and bi-direction compression, the hydraulic system and compression parts of the HBP BBP are re-designed in terms of industrialization.

利用热分析技术，采用动态热重实验法，对我国的三大农作物秸秆在不同升温速率下的燃烧动力学特性进行了较系统的研究。得到了各原料在不同升温速率下的动力学参数；建立了秸秆燃烧的动力学模型，该模型反映了秸秆迅速燃烧区的动力学过程。 4 对秸秆成型燃料的燃烧特性进行了试验研究。着重研究了秸秆河南农业大学博士学位论文巫的种类、温度、空气供给量、成型燃料密度、直径、质量对成型燃料燃烧速度的影响并得出如下主要结论：①秸秆成型燃料的燃烧方式属于静态渗透式扩散燃烧。②秸秆成型燃料燃烧速度受温度的影响大于通风量燃烧速度的影响：燃烧温度越高，挥发分析出速度越快，燃烧平稳性愈差。③成型燃料密度影响成型燃料挥发分的析出速度，影响燃烧速度。④成型燃料直径和质量的增加，使得燃烧初期的平均燃烧速度增大，中后期的平均燃烧速度相对平稳。⑤秸秆成型燃料含挥发分比例高，因此合理配风下的控温燃烧是保证其完全燃烧的关键。 5运用已取得的试验和理论分析结果，以液压驱动、双向成型为基础，从产业化的角度对HBP型成型机进行了液压系统和成型部件的改进设计；同时采用了二级预压机构，使该成型机的生产率达到 500kg.hd；单位能耗 60kwh。上'左右，磨损件修复周期 300小时左右，基本解决了影响生物质固化技术在国内推广的技术难题。

By timely and spatially controlling the physical and chemical characteristics of the fuel at both port injection stage and in-cylinder direct injection stage, HCCI/DI stratified compound combustion is developed to combine the advantages of HCCI and conventional DICI on cycle-to-cycle basis and achieve clean and efficient combustion at full load ranges without misfiring and knocking.Firstly, three types of dual fuel including n-heptane/diesel, iso-octane/diesel and ethanol/bio-diesel a...更多re utilized to investigate the combustion and emission characteristics of HCCI/DI stratified compound combustion. The experimental results indicate that n-heptane/diesel HCCI/DI combustion presents a three-stage heat release consisting of HCCI low temperature heat release, high temperature heat release and diesel diffusive combustion.

本文提出的基于燃料设计与管理的HCCI/DI分层复合燃烧是一种将HCCI燃烧和传统缸内直喷压燃融为一体的新型燃烧方式，通过对燃料理化特性的设计和在预喷与直喷阶段从时间尺度和空间尺度上对均质和非均质混合气制备过程的控制和管理，在发动机的一个工作循环中将均质混合气的HCCI燃烧和非均质混合气的DICI扩散燃烧相融合，彻底消除了HCCI燃烧在小负荷失火和大负荷爆震的弊病，实现了发动机全负荷范围内的高效清洁燃烧。

Neither the killing of Mr Zarqawi nor any breakthrough on the political front will stop the insurgency and the fratricidal murders in their tracks.

在对危险的南部地区访问时，他斥责什叶派民兵领导人对中央集权的挑衅行为。

In fact,I've got him on the satellite mobile right now.

实际上 我们已接通卫星可视电话了