煤

On the base of large quantitative test, using coal petrography and organic geochemical data, the source of oil and gas in the coal-measures is analyzed. And it is concluded that the area's Yan'an group coal-bed has a low potential of oil production, and the oil and gas contained in the coal-measures and superjacent strata comes from underlying Upper Triassic Yanchang group strata. After a series of parameters of coal seam and surrounding rocks are tested, gas formation, storage, preservation, permeability of the coal-rock seam are analyzed and evaluated.

本文在大量测试工作基础上，利用煤岩学与有机地球化学资料，分析了煤系油气的来源，认为本区延安组煤系煤层生油潜力差，煤系及其上覆地层所含油气为下伏上三叠统延长组源岩所生，油气主要通过迭置的砂体、不整合面、构造裂缝等自下向上运移进入煤系；通过对煤层及围岩一系列物性参数的测试，分析与评价了煤岩层的生、储、盖、渗性能与可抽放性，得出主采4_(-2)号煤层属中等储集、低渗透层，围岩封闭性差，渗透性高，煤层瓦斯含量低，而顶板砂岩瓦斯含量高，为采面瓦斯涌出的主要来源。

The washability of coal in different coal facies is discussed using the density distribution of coal samples from Wuda coal mining area,Inner Mongulia.

对内蒙古乌达矿区主采煤层9煤层的煤岩学特征和煤相进行了分析，用煤样密度组成的煤岩学方法讨论不同煤相煤的可选性。

The author pointed out that generated CBM should consist of primary biogenic methane gas in lignite stage, thermogenic methane gas in long-flame coal to gas/fat coal stage, and deuterogenic biogenic methane gas in coal seam imbedded stage.

首先，根据下侏罗统八道湾组和中侏罗统西山窑组煤储层发育、煤岩、煤质、煤级、煤类、煤相地质特征论述了本区低煤级煤层气生成的物质基础。

Based upon the data from major coal mining and prospecting districts in China, the correlation of coal petrological and physical factors such as coal rank, lithotype and maceral to the coal methane content, absorption and permeability was summarized, and their controlled gas mechanisms were discussed.

发现煤级－含气量的&包络线&具有阶段性演化规律，最大含气量的显著变化与煤化作用阶跃高度一致，煤储层含气量较高的地区沿纬向等间距展布且与较高煤级煤分布区吻合，煤的兰氏体积与镜质组含量关系中存在一个镜质组含量临界值。

Studies of longitudinal and horizontal distribution of coal reservoir ,macroscopic petrographic types,microcosmic petrographic component,pore configuration and permeability,vitrinite reflectance as well as absorbability in coal-bearing formation of Neopaleozoic in Shenmu area of the Ordos Basin indicate that,coal beds are thicker in the east and west,but thinner in the north and south.

通过对鄂尔多斯盆地神木地区上古生界含煤岩系中煤储层的纵横向分布、宏观煤岩类型、微观煤岩组分、孔隙结构与渗透性、镜质体反射率和吸附性能等方面特征的研究，认为：煤层总厚呈东西厚、南北薄的分布特点，煤层厚度满足煤层气开发的要求；多为半亮煤，仅东部边缘地带以半暗煤为主，表现为低含水、中等灰分含量和高挥发分含量的烟煤；煤岩显微组分中，镜质组含量最高，其次为惰质组；孔隙类型以微孔、过渡孔为主。

Dynamic evolution analysis of the sandy desertification in the Shenmu area , North Shaanxi, China;2. The stratigraphic order characteristics of coal-bearing strata in the Lower and Middle Jurassic in Shenmu area , North Shaanxi;3. Studies of longitudinal and horizontal distribution of coal reservoir,macroscopic petrographic types,microcosmic petrographic component,pore configuration and permeability,vitrinite reflectance as well as absorbability in coal-bearing formation of Neopaleozoic in Shenmu area of the Ordos Basin indicate that,coal beds are thicker in the east and west,but thinner in the north and south.

通过对鄂尔多斯盆地神木地区上古生界含煤岩系中煤储层的纵横向分布、宏观煤岩类型、微观煤岩组分、孔隙结构与渗透性、镜质体反射率和吸附性能等方面特征的研究，认为：煤层总厚呈东西厚、南北薄的分布特点，煤层厚度满足煤层气开发的要求；多为半亮煤，仅东部边缘地带以半暗煤为主，表现为低含水、中等灰分含量和高挥发分含量的烟煤；煤岩显微组分中，镜质组含量最高，其次为惰质组；孔隙类型以微孔、过渡孔为主。

The microlithotypes of Majiata coal are also relatively simple. Vitrite, inertite and vitrinertite are taking the dominant position, and clarite and durite occur rarely.

煤岩类型也较简单，以微镜煤、微惰煤和微惰镜煤为主，微亮煤和微暗煤含量极少。

Intensity with can divide into according to coal its: Brown coal , jet coal , glue coal,, weak to glue coal , 1/2 glue coal , bottle coal , gas rich coal , fat coal , 1/3 coking coal , coking coal ,, lean coal

按其煤化程度不同可分为：褐煤、长焰煤、不粘煤、弱粘煤、1/2中粘煤、气煤、气肥煤、肥煤、1/3焦煤、焦煤、瘦煤、贫瘦煤、贫煤、无烟煤。

Nationwide sampling program is designed according to the resources distribution and coal-forming periods as well as coal rank and yield of coal in China, 305 coal samples were collected and determined by catalytic spectrophotometry combined with pyrohydrolysis.The geochemical mechanism of the concentration or depletion of iodine was discussed during the process of coalification,which including peat diagenesis and coal metamorphism.The contents of iodine in Chinese coals fall in the range of 0.04-39.51 mg/kg.

根据中国煤炭资源分布和成煤时代，兼顾煤的变质程度和煤炭产量分布，在全国范围内采集了305个煤样，采用高温热水解—催化分光光度法分析了煤中碘的含量，探讨了煤化作用(包括泥炭成岩作用和煤变质作用)过程中煤中碘富集或亏损的地球化学机制。

At last, the rational mining method is determined as the staggered layout of coalface in the upper and the lower coal seam, with the upper coal seam is mined first and the lower coal seam is mined with the whole height.

计算机数值模拟与现场实践表明，7煤与9煤的工作面成交错布置方式，先采7煤后采9煤，一次采全高，最有利于9煤工作面的顶煤冒放，保证9煤综放开采的成功。

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。