煅烧

The study discusses how the factors such as calcination temperature,time,the kind of additive and the process after calcination influenced on the content of the alumina in the calcined products,and confirmed the production method.

通过对工业氢氧化铝煅烧试验，探讨了煅烧温度、时间、添加剂种类和煅烧产物后处理等对煅烧产品中氧化钠含量的影响，确定了高温低钠氧化铝的生产方法。

Increasing the calcining temperature at 1500℃ 5h, the morphologies of the product became the big and wide vermiform-fiber form particles, the length was about 2.5 μm, and the width was about 700 nm. In addition, the vermiform-fiber form particle could be found in the filtrated precipitate with the additional ammonium sulfate. If the ratio of ammonium sulfate to alum is above 1, the vermiform-fiber form particle was formed. After calcined at 1500℃ 5h, the particle grow up to 2μm. Adding ammonium sulfate was also reduced the particles size of alumina because the surface area of the products was increased by increasing the quantity of ammonium sulfate.

在明矾与氨水沉淀物经过滤后再额外添加不同硫酸铵的比例，1200℃ 1hr煅烧后，发现添加硫酸铵比例在1以上，其型态亦为蠕虫状纤维，当以1500℃ 5hr煅烧，蠕虫状纤维型态粒子亦变为又大又胖，其粒子尺寸长度约为 2 μm 宽度约为 500 nm；且将煅烧1200℃ 1hr测其比表面积值，会随著硫酸铵的添加量增加，粉体的表面积会增加且粉体变细，添加硫酸铵比例为 4 者所得粉体粒径最小，从比表面积所得结果估计约 150 nm 。

Calcining method is an efficient approach to improve the quality of bone ash. In this paper, the effects of the calcining temperature on its crystal structure and morphology, the calcination-modification on slurry fluidity and sintering process of bone china bulk were investigated through infrared spectroscopy, differential thermal analysis, X-ray diffractometer and scanning electron microscopy.

对骨胶厂提供的骨灰进行煅烧处理，通过红外、热分析、X射线衍射和扫描电镜等表征手段系统地研究了煅烧温度对骨灰的显微形貌和结构变化的影响规律，以及骨灰煅烧改性对坯体浆料流动性和坯体烧结工艺的影响规律。

In this paper,calcium sulfate whiskers were calcine d at different temperature and tested by XRD.

不同温度下煅烧硫酸钙晶须，并用XRD测定煅烧产物的结构，发现其晶型和晶格结构均有变化，600℃左右煅烧的硫酸钙晶须晶格结构最为致密。

In the process of carbon calcinations in rotary kiln, effective control of feeding flux and negative press is the most important to stabilize the calcine zone s temperature and optimize the calcinations process.

在炭素回转窑煅烧生产过程中，给料量和窑尾负压的有效控制是稳定煅烧带温度、优化煅烧过程的重要环节。

On the basis of characteristic analysis on all kinds of mineral tailings of copper lead zinc, mineral tailings was classifying according to its application. At the same time, the calcining experiment for twenty material prescriptions of the mineral tailings substituting the clunch or mineralizer mixed with different grades of limestone was actualized in the laboratory's heating kiln under the different temperature. After the fCaO analysis and the X-diffraction test to the calcined samples, the reasonable prescriptions and optimal calcining condition were put forward for different kinds of mineral tailings used to substitute the clunch or mineralizer, the research conclusion offers the instructional reference for the large-scale industrialization production.

同时，对尾矿用于代粘土和矿化剂配不同品位石灰石的20个生料配方进行了实验室高温炉不同温度下的煅烧试验，并对煅烧后的熟料样品进行了游离CaO和X衍射分析，得出了不同尾矿用于代粘土或矿化剂的合理配方和煅烧工况，从而为大规模产业化利用提供指导性参考依据。

Most importantly, with analyzing the calcined cinder by X-ray powder diffraction and scanning electron microscope, it was clear that at an appropriate calcination temperature, the activated SiO2 and Al2O3 in alkaline coal-cinder would react with the decomposed fused Na2CO3 to form a new neutral matter nepheline（NaAlSiO4）and other amorphous silicate compounds,causing an obvious reduction of the alkali content in coal-cinder.

采用X射线粉晶衍射及扫描电镜对煅烧后的灰渣进行表征，揭示了含碱灰渣煅烧脱碱过程的实质，即在适宜煅烧温度下，含碱灰渣中被活化的主要矿物质SiO2、Al2O3和熔融并分解的Na2CO3（分解为修饰网络氧化物Na2O）等发生化学反应转变为中性物质霞石（NaAlSiO4）及其他无定形复合硅酸盐，从而降低了灰渣中的碱含量。

From thermal analysis, weight loss occurs pronouncedly at temperatures above 300 oC in air and the residual weight increases with the reaction temperature. The particle size decreases with the increasing ethanol concentration., while the BET surface area decreases when the concentration of water is increased. Pore size measured from the as-synthesized particles is about 2.7 - 4 nm and this becomes slightly smaller after calcination which is about 3 - 5 nm.

TG/DTA中温度上升至约300 oC时，重量开始明显失重，随著合成反应温度上升，最终残留量由1~3%提高为约5~7%，动态光散射粒径分析发现随著乙醇含量增加，煅烧前与煅烧后的粒径尺寸均有下降趋势，随著水含量的增加，比表面积值随著下降，煅烧后的壳层孔隙尺寸约为3~5nm，煅烧前的壳层孔隙尺寸为2.7~4 nm，煅烧后的孔隙度会略为上升。

The Ni-Fe and Mg-Al-Fe-LDH show paramagnetism at normal temperature, the calcined samples of LDHs show super-paramagnetism. The magnetization increases with the higher Fe~(3+) content and is independent of the crystal structure of LDHs. Magnetization of the calcinates of Ni-Fe-LDHs is higher than the Mg-Al-Fe-LDHs.3. Two novel SFME systems were found for the first time, that is furaldehyde/DMF/water and furaldehyde/ethanol/water system.

结果表明，Ni-Fe和Mg-Al-Fe型LDHs本身及其煅烧产物在常温下均呈现顺磁性，其煅烧产物均呈现超顺磁性；同类LDH中其煅烧产物的磁性大小与Fe~(3+)含量成正比而与LDH的晶体结构无关，Ni-Fe LDHs及其煅烧产物的磁性强于Mg-Al-Fe LDHs及其煅烧产物，。3。

The thesis calcines process by the fact that the laboratory high temperature Stove simulates the rotary kilns producing ascent K2SO4 adds amounts H3PO4,calcination time and the kiln head calcine the temperature specifically for four kind of the mass affecting a titanium dioxide calcines a parameter mainly, take that white degree, eliminates the color force , PH value and attracts a water yield as main quality index ,adopt the homogeneous sample to follow the parameter having carried out an optimization on specially appointed composition and slanting mass metatitanic acid calcining the best calcination having tested, gaining a group of synthetical quality index.

本论文通过实验室高温炉模拟生产现场回转窑煅烧过程，针对影响钛白质量的四种主要煅烧参数K2SO4加量、H3PO4、煅烧时间和窑头煅烧温度，以白度、消色力、遮盖力和吸油量为主要质量指标，采用均匀是要法对特定组成和质量的偏钛酸进行了优化煅烧试验，获得了一组综合质量指标最好的煅烧参数。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。