焊的

In this article, three kinds of prealloy powder were developed by water atomization method. The base attribute, pattern, phase composition, differential thermal analysis of powder were researched. Sintered density, hardness, bend strength, Young's modulus were researched as hot pressed sintering temperature changing. By using abrasive wearing equipment upbuilt by the authors, the wear resistance were determined. Green-pressing density, simulated green-pressing strength and bonding momental of high frequency brazing were assayed. SEM corrosion structure and SEM appearance of fracture were observed.

本文采用水雾化法开发了三种预合金代钴粉末：对粉末的基本属性、形貌，粉末的相组成，粉末的差热性进行了分析研究；测定了它们的烧结密度、硬度、抗弯强度、弹性模量随热压烧结温度变化的规律；采用作者自行建立的磨料磨损试验方法，测定了它们的质量磨损百分率；测定了它们的冷压生坯密度、模拟生坯强度以及高频钎焊的结合力矩；观察了热压烧结SEM腐蚀组织和SEM断口形貌。

With regard to 17.2 mm thickness,48in pipe diameter and X70 grade pipeline,it introduced 2 kinds of combination methods for automatic welding,one is NOREAST inside welding machine root welding + PAW-2000 outside welding machine filled in and cover,the other is CRC inside welding machine root welding +CRC P260 welding machine heat welding +CRC P600 double welding torch filled in and cover.

介绍了印度&东气西输&天然气管道工程焊接技术规范，针对管径1219 mm、壁厚 17.2 mm 的X70级管线，推行了NOREAST内焊机根焊+ PAW 2000型外焊机填充盖面和CRC内焊机根焊+ CRC P260焊机热焊+ CRC P600双焊炬填充盖面两种自动焊组合方案。

The main provisions of the welding process assessment for this pipeline project are presented in this paper. Also the applications of some welding processes in the pipeline construction are described including semi-automatic welding process with self-protection flux core welding wire, root welding with Britain NOREAST internal welding machine plus filling and capping welding with domestic PAW-2000 external welding machine, root welding with American CRC internal welding machine plus heating welding with CRC P262 external automatic welding machine plus filling and capping welding with CRC P600 double torches external automatic welding machine.

文章介绍了该管道工程焊接工艺评定的主要规定，以及自保护药芯焊丝半自动焊工艺、英国NOREAST内焊机根焊＋国产PAW2000型外自动焊机填充盖面焊工艺、美国CRC内焊机根焊＋CRCP260外自动焊机热焊＋CRCP600双炬外焊机填充盖面焊工艺在管道施工中的应用。

Butt Weld and docking and corner combinations Weld, in Weld ends located arc plate and extraction plate in igniting board then leads to the welding seam, joint halfway shall weld joints in front of 2.0 mm Department Firing arc, welding pieces after preheating rod will return to weld the origin, pool filled to the required thickness, before forward welding; Welding speed : Isokinetic welding requirements to ensure weld thickness, width uniform, which masks to look for hot metal and slag bath equidistance (2-3 mm)%; Arc welding rod length : different models and determined that the general requirements of arc length is stable, acid electrode generally 3-4 mm, 2-3 mm normally alkaline electrode%; Welding perspective : According to determine the thickness of two pieces of welding, welding angle has two aspects : First, the angle between the direction of the rod and welding of 60-75 ; The second is the angle between two electrodes and welding around, the same thickness as welding, welding and welding pieces incident angle of 45 ; When the thickness ranging from welding, welding electrode and thick and thin pieces of welding electrode side angle greater than the angle between the side pieces; Arc : admission to the end of each weld should be filled crater, in the direction opposite to the direction of the back-arc welding, arc welding unchanged inside pit in 1974, to prevent the crater bite of meat.

对接焊缝及对接和角接组合焊缝，在焊缝两端设引弧板和引出板，必须在引弧板上引出后再焊到焊缝区，中途接头则应在焊缝接头前方15～20㎜处打火引弧，将焊件预热后再将焊条退回到焊缝起始处，把熔池填满到要求的厚度后，方可向前施焊；焊接速度：要求等速焊接，保证焊缝厚度、宽度均匀一致，从面罩内看熔池中铁水与熔渣保持等距离（2～3㎜）为宜；焊接电弧长度：根据焊条型号不同而确定，一般要求电弧长度稳定不变，酸性焊条一般为3～4㎜，碱性焊条一般为2～3㎜为宜；焊接角度：根据两焊件的厚度确定，焊接角度有两个方面，一是焊条与焊接前进方向的夹角为60～75 ；二是焊条与焊接左右夹角有两种情况，当焊件厚度相等时，焊件与焊件夹角为45 ；当焊件厚度不等时，焊条与较厚焊件一侧夹角应大于焊条与薄焊件一侧夹角；收弧：每条焊缝焊到末尾，应将弧坑填满后，往焊接方向相反的方向带弧，使弧坑甩在焊道貌岸然里边，以防弧坑咬肉。

A mathematic model,which deals with the relationship between maximum temperature of thick plate butt multipass welding and weld heat input,interpass temperature,ambient temperature and the distance of measuring points to heat source center,was founded using multivariant nonlinear regression analysis.

采用多元非线性回归的方法，建立了厚板对接多道焊的最高温度与焊接线能量、层间温度、环境温度以及测点到热源中心的距离之间的数学模型。通过相关性检验、线性回归的显著性检验以及回归系数的显著性检验，证明了模型可行；同时分析了回归系数与测点到焊缝中心距离之间的关系。结果表明，它们之间的关系是一种非线性关系，而且呈现出了一定的变化趋势

The company mainly of Health Products mainly include: right welder mainly: UN1-1, UN1-5, UN1-7, UN1-10, UN1-16 type of welder, UN2-25, UN2-75, UN2-100, UN2-150 type on the welder, UNT chain right welder, BUN saw blade on the welder, spot welder are: DN1-10, DN1-16, DN1-25, DN1-40-type spot welder, DNK-40, DNK-75, DNK -100 Pneumatic point of convex welder, DN2-25, 40-type portable spot welding machine, automatic Welding Machine, Dust network dedicated welder, FN seam Welder, FNZ-16 automatic seam welder, BX1, 3,6 series of AC arc welder, MH steel vertical submerged to the welder, HGS-40-type steel rib peeling rolling straight screw thread machine, bar straightening machines, etc. dozens of kinds of products sold to all provinces, municipalities, and its excellent performance, reliable quality, perfect after-sales service, and quickly occupied the domestic market and exports in some countries in Southeast Asia, deeply general customers trust and praise.

本公司主要生产主要有：对焊机主要有：UN1-1、UN1-5、UN1-7、UN1-10、UN1-16型对焊机，UN2-25、UN2-75、UN2-100、UN2-150型对焊机，UNT链条对焊机，BUN锯条对焊机，点焊机有：DN1-10、DN1-16、DN1-25、DN1-40型点焊机，DNK-40、DNK-75、DNK-100型气动点凸焊机，DN2-25、40型便携点焊机，全自动排焊机，除尘网专用焊机，FN缝焊机，FNZ-16自动缝焊机，BX1、3、6系列交流弧焊机，MH钢筋竖向埋弧对焊机，HGS-40型钢筋直螺纹剥肋滚丝机，钢筋调直机等几十种产品，销往全国各省、市、以其卓越的性能，可靠的质量、完善的售后服务，迅速占领国内市场，并有部分产品出口中东南亚国家，深受广大用户的信赖和好评。

Flat Welding : choice of welding technology, electrode diameter, welding current, welding speed, the length of arc welding, weld process verification; Welding : welding inspection clearance groove, assembly space whether it meets the requirements, positioning it firmly welding, weld around is not oil, rust; Electrode temperature and baking time should be required, the rod removed from the oven. tempreture-constant drum on the electrode, then used as admission; Latin America : welding supply welding thickness, welding levels and electrode type and diameter, skilled welders and other factors, and to select appropriate welding current; fillet weld arc : fluctuations in the point arc weld end, they are advised more than 10 mm, is not hard arc, sparking arc weld zone from the electrode should be started immediately. Component integration and maintaining so-rod pieces have 2-4 mm gap arc.

1.1.2.1平焊：选择合适的焊接工艺，焊条直径，焊接电流，焊接速度，焊接电弧长度等，通过焊接工艺验证；清理焊口：焊前检查坡口、组装间隙是否符合要求，定位焊是否牢固，焊缝周围不得有油污、锈物；烘焙焊条应符合规定温度与时间，从烘箱中取出的焊条，放在焊条保温桶内，随用随取；焊拉电源：根据焊件厚度、焊接层次、焊条型号、直径、焊工熟练程度等因素，选择适宜的焊接电流；引弧：角焊缝起落弧点应在焊缝端部，宜大于10㎜，不应随便打弧，打火引弧后应立即将焊条从焊缝区拉开，使焊条块结合与构件间保持2～4㎜间隙产生电弧。

Products have: NB-KR series, NBC series of carbon dioxide gas shielded welder, LGK8 Series air plasma arc cutting machine, WS Series DC argon arc welding machine, WS series IGBT inverter DC argon arc welding machine, WSE Series AC-DC pulse argon arc welding machine, ZX5 Series Thyristor rectifier arc welder, ZX6 series three-phase rectifier arc welder, ZX7 series IGBT inverter DC arc welding machine, ZXG Series rectifier arc welder, ZXE1 Series AC-DC dual-use arc welding machine, BX1 Series, BX3 series, BX6 Series AC arc welding machine, steel electroslag welding stress, pedal-style capacitor discharge spot welder, UN series of welding machine, DN Series AC Spot Welder foot, DNY Series mobile communicate spot welder, DN2 fixed pneumatic spot welding machine, D N2 fixed aerodynamic point of convex welder, CG series gas cutting machine, CNC cutting machine door, Intersection CNC EDM Series , flame brazing machine series, automatic welding machine series, MZ series automatic submerged arc welding machine, automobile manufacturing special welding equipment, robot applications, such as large family of more than 29 varieties.

生产的产品有：NB-KR系列、NBC系列二氧化碳气体保护焊机，LGK8系列空气等离子弧切割机，WS系列直流氩弧焊机，WS系列IGBT逆变直流氩弧焊机，WSE系列交直流脉冲氩弧焊机，ZX5系列晶闸管整流弧焊机，ZX6系列三相整流弧焊机，ZX7系列IGBT逆变直流弧焊机，ZXG系列硅整流弧焊机，ZXE1系列交直流两用弧焊机，BX1系列、BX3系列、BX6系列交流弧焊机，钢筋电渣压力焊机，脚踏式电容储能点焊机，UN系列对焊机，DN系列脚踏式交流点焊机，DNY系列移动式交流点焊机，DN2固定式气动点焊机，DN2固定式气动点凸焊机，CG系列气割机，门式数控切割机，数控相贯线切割机系列，火焰钎焊机系列，全自动堆焊机系列，MZ系列自动埋弧焊机，汽车制造专用焊接设备，机器人应用系统等二十九大系列百余个品种。

Ordinary solder materials, lead-free solder, the lead-free solder wire, solder paste, solder, the solder wire , high temperature tin, the low-temperature tin-line, lead-free tin-silver, the lead-free tin-silver line, low-temperature lead-free tin line, welding aluminum tin, the tin-aluminum welding wire, welding wire stainless steel tin, aluminum welding flux not stainless steel flux, environmental flux, welding of stainless steel, nickel, special aluminum solder, aluminum flux, aluminum brazing soft agent, paint remover, paint stripping powder (high-temperature paint stripping enameled wire a few seconds), copper aluminum welding, aluminum and aluminum welding, wire flux of new environmental protection (smoke-free and tasteless, non-volatile non-flammable) peaks of water-soluble flux, no-clean rosin flux, no-clean flux, thinners, cleaning agents, plate washer water , clean water machine, special purposes, such as water-soluble flux.

普通焊锡材料，无铅焊锡条、无铅焊锡线、焊锡膏，焊锡条、焊锡线、高温锡条、低温锡线、无铅含银锡条、无铅含银锡线、无铅低温锡线、焊铝锡条，焊铝锡线、焊不绣钢锡线、焊铝助焊剂、不绣钢助焊剂、环保助焊剂、焊不锈钢、镍、铝特种焊料、铝助焊剂、铝的软钎剂、脱漆剂、脱漆粉、铝铜焊接、铝与铝焊接、环保新型线材助焊剂(无烟无味、不挥发不易燃)水溶性波峰助焊剂、免清洗松香助焊剂、免清洗助焊剂、稀释剂、清洗剂、洗板水、抹机水、特殊用途水溶性助焊剂等。

This article introduces joint type of copper-aluminum pipe,including straight pipe butted joint,flared pipe insert joint,reducing pipe insert joint and reducing pipe lap joint,and the welding technologies in domestic and abroad,including friction welding,energy storage welding,flash welding,resistance welding,braze welding,cold butt welding and ultrasonic welding.

介绍了铜铝管的接头形式，主要包括：直管对接、扩口管插接、缩口管插接和缩口管搭接；以及国内外的焊接技术，主要包括：摩擦焊、储能焊、闪光焊、电阻焊、钎焊、冷压焊及超声波钎焊等。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。