焊接的

To solve the serious problem of corrosion and erosion of the coal bunker funnel made of Q235-B armor plate,a cladded structure was adopted.

针对Q235-B钢板制成的原煤仓漏斗锈蚀、磨损严重的问题，更换采用了内层为4Cr13马氏体不锈钢，外层为Q235-B钢板的双层结构漏斗，并通过焊接工艺试验为煤仓漏斗的制造工艺确定了正确的焊材和焊接方法，取得了良好的效果。

The new method is based on the relations between the elastic strain energy and distortion. By using thin-wall hypothesis and assumption of elastic strain energy distribution, it is practical to predict distortions of huge welding fabrication through integrating this method with finite element analysis.

该相似方法通过薄壁件条件简化了弹性应变能和变形间的关系，通过"虚拟模型件"将模型和实际构件的变形联系起来，使通过模型研究实际构件的焊接残余变形成为可行，从而为大型结构焊接变形的数值模拟结果提供了科学、现实的验证方法。

This is because the effect of component in welding material is very complex and no explicit function expression can be gotten before build up the relationship between the recipes of welding material and its performance.

由于焊接材料配方的组份与性能间作用关系的复杂性，无法事先知道组份与配方性能之间关系的明确分析函数形式，本文选用了神经网络建模方法作为建立焊接材料的配方和性能之间的定量关系的工具。

The design of the seam tracking sensor is the key work in the realization of the welding automatization. A novel touch photoelectric sensor for seam tracking was designed on the base of getting over the shortcoming of non-touch seam tracking sensor and using the principle of the photovoltaic translation. The idler pulley can touch the seam closely, then the sensor can realize the auto-tracking by the oriented function of the groove. If the offset of the idler pulley location appear, the sensor can change the offset to the voltage using the cell of the photovoltaic translation and the cell of signal processing.

焊缝跟踪传感器的设计是焊接自动化实现过程的重要环节，在此克服非接触式焊接跟踪传感器易受干扰的缺点，利用光电转化的原理，设计了一种新颖的接触式光电焊缝跟踪传感器，该传感器利用特制导轮与坡口紧密接触，依靠坡口的机械导向作用实现焊缝自动跟踪，当导轮位置发生偏移，利用光电转换单元以及信号处理单元，可将偏移位移转化为模拟电压量。

In the research of image system, a image processing algorithm of welding seam is established on the basis of image math. model of structured light of Fourier-transformation of lens in space, and the image analyzing system based on the rule-model of the features of welding seam in 3D-space is also established which can meet the requirements of the auto-programming of welding parameters for arc welding robot in accuracy and reliability.

在焊缝图象系统的研制中，基于结构光空间付氏变换的光纹图象数学模型，建立了焊缝图象处理算法，并基于焊缝三维空间特征的规则模型，建立了焊缝图象分析系统，使焊缝检测与分析的精度和可靠性达到了弧焊机器人焊接参数自动规划及焊接路径自动规划的精度要求。

It is shown that preventing welding hot cracking by mechanical methods can avoid the limitation of metallurgical methods and is very effective both for solidification cracking and for liquation cracking, thus has more freedom in choice of the parent metal and filler metal.

研究表明，采用力学方法防止焊接热裂纹可以避免冶金措施的局限性，对两类热裂纹（即焊缝凝固裂纹和近缝区液化裂纹）同样有效，因此，对焊丝成分和母材的选取有较大的自由度，是一种解决焊接热裂纹问题的重要的新途径。

Weld line is the key part of ERW steel pipe because the impact toughness of its raw material is multiple times higher than that of seamless steel pipes. The impact energy of weld line can reach 60% of the raw material by controlling impurity content in raw material, the height and direction of the burr, mold border shape, welding leg, welding speed, heating power and frequency, welding extrusion capacity, the depth and temperature of intermediate frequency, as well as air-cooled length. Seamlessness can be realized if further optimization methods are adopted.

由于ERW钢管母材的冲击韧性数倍于无缝钢管，焊缝处的冲击韧性是ERW钢管的关键，通过控制原材料杂质含量、纵剪毛刺高度与方向、成型边部形态、焊角、焊接速度、加热功率与频率、焊接挤压量、中频退伙温度与深度、空冷段长度等工艺参数保证了焊缝的冲击功达到母材的60%以上，如进一步优化，可实现焊缝冲击功接近母材，从而实现性能无缝化。

Skelp welds are locations of high stress with probability of defects due to improper fit up and quality weld.

由于不合适的适宜 Skelp 焊接处是有缺点的可能性的高压迫力的位置向上的和质量焊接处。

Refining grain behavior of the heat affected zone of E36 high strength low alloy steel was studied, when E36 steel was welded by three wires submerged arc welding with 110 kJ/cm large heat input .

大热输入焊接时，氧硫复合物诱导热影响区的晶内铁素体形核，并促进晶内铁素体的感生形核，晶内铁素体及其感生晶内铁素体使热影响区粗晶区的晶粒细化，确保焊接热影响区粗晶区的强度与韧性不降低。

On the basic of experiments,the testing results of welding arc crossspectrum distribution of various arc crosssection along wavelength window are presented.

在试验的基础上，给出了焊接电弧光谱的频域及空间分布的测试结果，分析了焊接电弧光谱的结构。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。