焊接接头

The only alternative and referential way to predict the phase transformation temperature is to make use of the continuous cooling transformation diagrams, which are measured dilatometer curves that have not taken the effect of practical welding conditions into account.

由于焊接过程的瞬时性和焊接热影响区温度场、应力场的复杂性，该区域的组织转变往往并不完全遵守热处理条件下CCT 图所反映出的相变规律，因此为了提高焊接接头的性能，有必要深入研究真实焊接条件下热影响区组织的相变规律，尤其是马氏体组织的相变规律，因为在含碳量较高或合金元素较多的情况下，这两类钢的淬透性较强，在焊接热影响区极易形成高硬度马氏体组织，从而严重影响焊接接头的性能。

Using metallographic analysis, original structure and surface deficiency were obtained, the influence of the structure on corrosion speed was settled, the surface macrography patterns of welded joint in different temperature and concentration were got. Microscopic patterns after corrosion in different condition were gained by SEM, though which the influence of temperature, concentration and structure on corrosion was easily observed.

采用金相分析法，不仅获得了腐蚀前焊接接头的原始金相组织以及表面缺陷，确定了组织及缺陷对腐蚀速率的影响，而且得到了焊接接头在不同温度、浓度条件下腐蚀后的宏观形貌，采用场发射扫描电子显微镜得到了焊接接头在不同条件下腐蚀后的微观形貌，从而直观地得到了温度、浓度以及组织对焊接接头腐蚀速率的影响。

Sampling test aims at showing the real technical skill of welders, which can avoid the specially welded joints or self-chosen joints by welders for inspection, so as to ensure the reliability of the welding joint.

这一规定，是要求通过抽检能反映焊工的真实技术水平，杜绝特意焊接供检验的焊接接头或焊工自选焊接接头供检测的情况发生，以保证焊接接头的可靠性。

Facing to the key problems in computer vision measurement, for example, the method of laser strip image processing, the algorithms of extracting"feature point"of joint, the method of structure light sensor design and so on, comprehensive studies are down on both theory and in practice.

本文在对常用的焊接接头跟踪方法进行系统研究的基础上，选择结构光视觉的方法来检测和跟踪焊接接头；并针对视觉传感器的结构光图象处理方法、焊接接头特征点提取算法和结构光传感器的设计方法等进行了大量的研究，成功地研制出一套多道焊焊接接头跟踪控制系统。

Mm. 7.5.3 Requirements for quality of weld joint's surface: a No crack, not fusional, bubble, slag, splash; b Surface of seam of pipeline with design temperature lower than -29℃, stainless steel pipeline and alloy steel pipeline with trend of harden quenching shall be free from undercut.

The surface shall be smooth 7.5.3 焊接接头表面的质量应符合下列要求： 28 SH 3501-2002 a 不得有裂纹，未熔合，气孔，夹渣，飞溅存在； b设计温度低于-29℃的管道，不锈钢和淬硬倾向较大的合金钢管道焊缝表面，不得有咬边现象；其他材质管道焊缝咬边深度不应大于 0.5mm，连续咬边长度不应大于 100mm，且焊缝两侧咬边总长不大于该焊缝全长的 10%； c 焊缝表面不得低于管道表面，焊缝余高Δh 应符合下列要求： 1 100%射线检测焊接接头，其Δh≤1+0.2b1，且不大于 2mm； 2 其余的焊接接头，Δh≤1+0.2b1，且不大于 3mm。

4 Results of nondestructive test for weld joints shall be graded according to JB 4730. Following requirements shall be met: a For radial test, quality grade of radial transillumination can't be lower than Grade AB, and that of weld joints shall meet table 10; b For supersonic test, approval standard for weld joints are as follows: 1 For weld joints of 100% supersonic test, grade Ⅰ. 2 For weld joints of local supersonic test, grade Ⅱ. c For magnetic particle test and penetration test, grade Ⅰ.

7.5.4 管道焊接接头的无损检测应按 JB 4730 进行焊缝缺陷等级评定，并符合下列要求： a 射线检测时，射线透照质量等级不得低于 AB 级，焊接接头经射线检测后的合格等级应符合表 10 的规定； b 超声波检测时，管道焊接接头经检测后的合格标准如下： 1 规定进行 100%超声波检测的焊接接头 I 级合格； 2 局部进行超声波检测的焊接接头 II 级合格； c 磁粉检测和渗透检测的焊接接头 I 级合格。

Thirdly, with the modified Gurson model of the MARC finite element method soft, the damage behave of the welded joint was simulated. It was found that in the undermatched welded joint, the damage mainly happened in the soft weld line and with the decrease of the weld line抯 width, the damage抯 development was faster. As for the overmatched welded joint, the results showed that the damage mainly happened in the soft base metal and with the increase of the weld line抯 width, the damage抯 development was faster. While the width of the weld line was narrower than three millimeters, the high strength weld line could improve the anti-damage capability of the overmatched welded joint.

通过计算发现在低匹配的焊接接头中，损伤主要发生在低强度的焊缝中，并且焊缝宽度越小，焊接接头的损伤就越严重；而在高匹配的焊接接头中，损伤主要发生在紧临焊缝的强度较低的母材上，随高强度焊缝宽度的增加，焊接接头的损伤发展程度加剧，当焊缝宽度小于3mm时，高强度焊缝的加入对焊接接头能起一个强化的作用，提高了焊接接头的抗损伤能力。

As showed in Fig.1, the diagrammed stress of short time endurance test forAs showed in Fig.1, the diagrammed stress of short time endurance test for500 hours at 565℃on welded-joint of T91-F12 is 240MPa. Considering the℃on welded-joint of T91-F12 is 240MPa. Considering thedispersity of±20％, stress of check test for 500 hours is 192MPa. The result±20％, stress of check test for 500 hours is 192MPa. The resultof short time endurance test for 500 hours at 565of short time endurance test for 500 hours at 565℃on T91-X20CrMoV121℃on T91-X20CrMoV121welded-joints is showed in Tab.5. The result shows that the short timewelded-joints is showed in Tab.5. The result shows that the short timeendurance stress of weldedendurance stress of welded-joints with two procedures at 565℃for 500 hours-joints with two procedures at 565℃for 500 hoursboth above 192MPa, and meet the requirement.both above 192MPa, and meet the requirement.

依据图1，对T91－F12 焊接接头 565℃温度下的短时持久性能 500 小时考核试验依据图1，对T91－F12 焊接接头 565℃温度下的短时持久性能 500 小时考核试验的图示应力值应为 240MPa，按照持久强度试验数据的±20％的分散度，取 500的图示应力值应为 240MPa，按照持久强度试验数据的±20％的分散度，取 500小时考核试验应力值为 192MPa.T91－X20CrMoV121 焊接接头 565℃、500 小时小时考核试验应力值为 192MPa.T91－X20CrMoV121 焊接接头 565℃、500 小时短时持久考核试验试验结果见表5 ，试验结果表明，两种工艺条件下的焊接接头短时持久考核试验试验结果见表5 ，试验结果表明，两种工艺条件下的焊接接头565℃温度下的短时持久性能，500 小时的持久断裂应力均高于 192MPa，结果符565℃温度下的短时持久性能，500 小时的持久断裂应力均高于 192MPa，结果符合要求。

Approval;Approved organizations;Bend testing;Butt welding;Definition;Definitions;Design;Dimensions;Electric welding;Flash welding;Inspection;Materials;Metal sections;Order indications;Performance tests;Permanent ways;Profile;Quality;Rail joints;Rails;Railway applications;Railway rails;Railways;Resistance welding;Sections;Specification;Steel welding;Steels;Suitability;Testing;Tracks;Travel ways;Vignol rail;Weldability;Welded joints;Welding;Welding engineering;Welding equipment;Welding processes;Weldings

中文主题词认可；受批准组织；弯曲测试；对接焊；定义；设计；尺寸；电焊；闪光焊；检验；材料；金属型材；顺序示度；性能试验；永存性铁路；轮廓；质量；钢轨接头；钢轨；铁路设施；铁路钢轨；铁路；电阻焊接；型材；规范；钢件焊接；钢；适宜性；测试；轨道；旅行线路；丁字形铁轨；可焊性；焊接接头；焊接；焊接工程；焊接设备；焊接工艺；焊接法

This paper studies the effect of consequent post heat treatment on the mechanical property and shape memory ratio of the welded TiNi joints in TiNi shape memory alloy precise pulse resistance butt welding,analyzes the joint structures and fractographies affecting mechanical property and shape memory ratio of welded joint by using strength testing, SEM and TEM, gets the optimum welding parameters obtaining good shape recovery ratio welded joint, and has discovered the inherent reason for proper consequent post heat treatment to promote the joint shape recovery ratio from microcosmic point.

摘 要：采用拉伸测试、SEM、TEM和定点成分能谱分析等手段研究了随机后热处理对TiNi形状记忆合金精密脉冲电阻对焊焊接接头力学性能、形状恢复率的影响，并对影响接头力学性能和形状恢复率的接头组织和形貌进行了研究，得出了获得具有较高形状恢复率接头的焊接参数，从微观角度揭示了随机后热处理提高接头形状恢复率的内在原因，为TiNi形状记忆合金的开发和应用提供了基础，具有重大的理论和实际应用价值。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。