焊接处

The results showed that the fracture toughness of the weld of HFW pipe was lowest.The value of absorbed energy of HFW weld was closely related to the heat treatment process.But the fracture toughness of fusion zone of submerged-arc welded jointer,its microstructure was coarse granular bainite,and was lower than the other locations of heat affected zone;and with the increasing of steel strength,the effect of welding heat cycles on the pipeline steel became stronger,and form coarse microstructure in fusion zone leading to decrease fracture toughness.

结果表明，高钢级管线钢高频焊接焊缝处的断裂韧性最低，其冲击功大小与热处理工艺密切相关；而埋弧焊接热影响区断裂韧性在熔合线处最低，其主要原因是此处的组织为粗大的粒状贝氏体，而且强度越高焊接热循环对管线钢的作用越强，在熔合线附近更容易产生粗大组织，使断裂韧性降低。

Weld line is the key part of ERW steel pipe because the impact toughness of its raw material is multiple times higher than that of seamless steel pipes. The impact energy of weld line can reach 60% of the raw material by controlling impurity content in raw material, the height and direction of the burr, mold border shape, welding leg, welding speed, heating power and frequency, welding extrusion capacity, the depth and temperature of intermediate frequency, as well as air-cooled length. Seamlessness can be realized if further optimization methods are adopted.

由于ERW钢管母材的冲击韧性数倍于无缝钢管，焊缝处的冲击韧性是ERW钢管的关键，通过控制原材料杂质含量、纵剪毛刺高度与方向、成型边部形态、焊角、焊接速度、加热功率与频率、焊接挤压量、中频退伙温度与深度、空冷段长度等工艺参数保证了焊缝的冲击功达到母材的60%以上，如进一步优化，可实现焊缝冲击功接近母材，从而实现性能无缝化。

Project total investment 160 million yuan, 780,000 yuan investment in equipment, covers an area of 18000m2, building area 12000m2, plant-based manufacturing technology / quality assurance / Laboratory Products, such as sections, there is stamping workshop 2 / Machining Workshop 1 / assembly shop 1 Office / welding workshop 1 / sheet metal, such as spray-paint workshop a range of ancillary facilities.

项目总投资160余万元，设备投资78万元，占地面积18000m2，厂房面积12000m2，工厂设制造技术/品质保证/产品实验室等科室，有冲压车间2处/机加工车间1处/装配车间1处/焊接车间1处/钣金喷漆车间1处等辅助设施齐全。

It was founded that the hardness distribution is approximately symmetrical to the center of welding line , the weakest zone of the whole joint is about 10mm from the center of the welding line . The HAZ of the welding line has an intenerate zone. the center of the welding line presents a typical dendritic casting structure.

结果表明：焊接接头的硬度以焊缝中心线为对称轴呈近似对称分布，焊接接头的最薄弱环节位于距焊缝中心约10mm处，焊接接头的热影响区内存在一个软化区。

Butt Weld and docking and corner combinations Weld, in Weld ends located arc plate and extraction plate in igniting board then leads to the welding seam, joint halfway shall weld joints in front of 2.0 mm Department Firing arc, welding pieces after preheating rod will return to weld the origin, pool filled to the required thickness, before forward welding; Welding speed : Isokinetic welding requirements to ensure weld thickness, width uniform, which masks to look for hot metal and slag bath equidistance (2-3 mm)%; Arc welding rod length : different models and determined that the general requirements of arc length is stable, acid electrode generally 3-4 mm, 2-3 mm normally alkaline electrode%; Welding perspective : According to determine the thickness of two pieces of welding, welding angle has two aspects : First, the angle between the direction of the rod and welding of 60-75 ; The second is the angle between two electrodes and welding around, the same thickness as welding, welding and welding pieces incident angle of 45 ; When the thickness ranging from welding, welding electrode and thick and thin pieces of welding electrode side angle greater than the angle between the side pieces; Arc : admission to the end of each weld should be filled crater, in the direction opposite to the direction of the back-arc welding, arc welding unchanged inside pit in 1974, to prevent the crater bite of meat.

对接焊缝及对接和角接组合焊缝，在焊缝两端设引弧板和引出板，必须在引弧板上引出后再焊到焊缝区，中途接头则应在焊缝接头前方15～20㎜处打火引弧，将焊件预热后再将焊条退回到焊缝起始处，把熔池填满到要求的厚度后，方可向前施焊；焊接速度：要求等速焊接，保证焊缝厚度、宽度均匀一致，从面罩内看熔池中铁水与熔渣保持等距离（2～3㎜）为宜；焊接电弧长度：根据焊条型号不同而确定，一般要求电弧长度稳定不变，酸性焊条一般为3～4㎜，碱性焊条一般为2～3㎜为宜；焊接角度：根据两焊件的厚度确定，焊接角度有两个方面，一是焊条与焊接前进方向的夹角为60～75 ；二是焊条与焊接左右夹角有两种情况，当焊件厚度相等时，焊件与焊件夹角为45 ；当焊件厚度不等时，焊条与较厚焊件一侧夹角应大于焊条与薄焊件一侧夹角；收弧：每条焊缝焊到末尾，应将弧坑填满后，往焊接方向相反的方向带弧，使弧坑甩在焊道貌岸然里边，以防弧坑咬肉。

The results show that the improved transaxles can reduce the vibrations and noise when the clutch operating. It can efficiently solve the problems which occur in clutch house and the connect place between clutch and clutch shaft. Then it also increase the life time of transaxles and promote the comfort of the car driving.

其结果显示，此改善后的离合器背板，除有效地解决离合器壳破裂或离合器壳与离合器轴间之焊接处裂损漏油的问题外，又能缓和换档时离合器接合所产生的冲击，进而增加自动联合传动器的使用寿命且提升驾驶人及乘客之驾驶与乘坐的舒适性。

These vibration phenomenon in the long time use will cause the clutch house or the connect place between clutch house and the clutch shaft broken. Moreover will reduce the life-time of transaxles or engine supporter and affect the drivers' or the passengers' comfort.

此振动冲击及噪音在长期自动变速箱的使用下，将造成离合器壳的破裂或离合器壳与离合器轴间之焊接处的裂损漏油，而严重缩短自动变速箱及引擎脚架等的使用寿命，并影响驾驶人及乘客之驾驶与乘坐的舒适性。

The gap at the joint is to be measured by means of a taper gauge and shall not exceed 1.6mm at any position when the pipe is rotated.

焊接处的空隙应该用锥型尺来测量，且空隙的大小不可以超过在任何位置旋转管时1.6毫米。

It 's mainly used in steel tubes of high 's mainly used in steel tubes of high temperature superheaters with surface temperature temperature superheaters with surface temperature ≤625℃ and high ≤625℃ and high temperature reheaters with surface temperature temperature reheaters with surface temperature ≤650℃, and high ≤650℃, and high temperature headers and steam pipes with surface temperature temperature headers and steam pipes with surface temperature ≤600℃.

主要主要用于壁温≤625℃的高温过热器、壁温≤650℃的高温再热器钢管，以及壁温≤600℃的高温集箱温≤625℃的高温过热器、壁温≤650℃的高温再热器钢管，以及壁温≤600℃的高温集箱和蒸汽管道，国内外已逐步用该钢代替和蒸汽管道，国内外已逐步用该钢代替T22、F12、TP304L、TP347H等，但该钢焊接性能T22、F12、TP304L、TP347H等，但该钢焊接性能也比较差，容易产生焊接冷裂纹，所以同样要求有合适的预热温度和及时进行焊后回火处也比较差，容易产生焊接冷裂纹，所以同样要求有合适的预热温度和及时进行焊后回火处理。

The products have a good effect on grinding between cast soldering Aluminum, Copper, Magnesium, Zinc alloy.

对于铝合金、铜、镁、锌合金铸造与焊接处之间的研磨性具有很好的效果。

And Pharaoh spoke to Joseph, saying, Your father and your brothers have come to you.

47：5 法老对约瑟说，你父亲和你弟兄们到你这里来了。

Additionally, the approximate flattening of surface strip using lines linking midpoints on perpendicular lines between geodesic curves and the unconditional extreme value method are discussed.

提出了用测地线方程、曲面上两点间短程线来计算膜结构曲面测地线的方法，同时，采用测地线间垂线的中点连线和用无约束极值法进行空间条状曲面近似展开的分析。