焊接

The only alternative and referential way to predict the phase transformation temperature is to make use of the continuous cooling transformation diagrams, which are measured dilatometer curves that have not taken the effect of practical welding conditions into account.

由于焊接过程的瞬时性和焊接热影响区温度场、应力场的复杂性，该区域的组织转变往往并不完全遵守热处理条件下CCT 图所反映出的相变规律，因此为了提高焊接接头的性能，有必要深入研究真实焊接条件下热影响区组织的相变规律，尤其是马氏体组织的相变规律，因为在含碳量较高或合金元素较多的情况下，这两类钢的淬透性较强，在焊接热影响区极易形成高硬度马氏体组织，从而严重影响焊接接头的性能。

The welding of end ring of alternating current machine and the conducting bar is the key technology for manufacturing of asynchronous traction motor with high power. China South Locomotive and Rolling Stock Industry Corporation had taken this significative study as a key project for the manufacturing of alternating current machine. According to the welding of end ring of alternating current machine, the welding of copper and copper alloy is described in this paper. Results obtained in this study are as follows. 1.By the comparison of oxyacetylene gas brazing, induction brazing and resistance brazing, it was found that high-quality welding joint could be obtained by induction brazing, which also had the highest efficiency.

交流电机端环与导条的焊接是大功率异步牵引电动机制造的一项关键技术，开展其焊接工艺研究具有重要的意义，中国南车电机公司将此课题作为解决交流电机制造的一个重点项目，本文结合交流电机转子端环焊接的课题，对铜及其合金的焊接进行了研究，主要研究结论如下： 1、通过氧乙炔火焰钎焊、感应钎焊、电阻钎焊等焊接方法的对比试验发现感应钎焊可获得优质的焊接接头，且感应钎焊的焊接效率也是最高的。

Stract : The synopsis introduced robot to weld the technique development process, design of weld a small car, and the welder equip the design for have, welding a small car to adopt part to have already have of product, carried on a design towards welding small garage to walk organization, weld the small car will pack Be welding an operation on board, follow behind to weld operation machine of action to carry out to weld relatedly.

摘 要：简要介绍了机器人焊接技术发展历程，设计的焊接小车，及焊接工装设备的设计，焊接小车采用了部分已有的产品，对焊接小车行走机构进行了设计，焊接小车将装在焊接操作机上，跟随焊接操作机的动作来实现相关的焊接。

Butt Weld and docking and corner combinations Weld, in Weld ends located arc plate and extraction plate in igniting board then leads to the welding seam, joint halfway shall weld joints in front of 2.0 mm Department Firing arc, welding pieces after preheating rod will return to weld the origin, pool filled to the required thickness, before forward welding; Welding speed : Isokinetic welding requirements to ensure weld thickness, width uniform, which masks to look for hot metal and slag bath equidistance (2-3 mm)%; Arc welding rod length : different models and determined that the general requirements of arc length is stable, acid electrode generally 3-4 mm, 2-3 mm normally alkaline electrode%; Welding perspective : According to determine the thickness of two pieces of welding, welding angle has two aspects : First, the angle between the direction of the rod and welding of 60-75 ; The second is the angle between two electrodes and welding around, the same thickness as welding, welding and welding pieces incident angle of 45 ; When the thickness ranging from welding, welding electrode and thick and thin pieces of welding electrode side angle greater than the angle between the side pieces; Arc : admission to the end of each weld should be filled crater, in the direction opposite to the direction of the back-arc welding, arc welding unchanged inside pit in 1974, to prevent the crater bite of meat.

对接焊缝及对接和角接组合焊缝，在焊缝两端设引弧板和引出板，必须在引弧板上引出后再焊到焊缝区，中途接头则应在焊缝接头前方15～20㎜处打火引弧，将焊件预热后再将焊条退回到焊缝起始处，把熔池填满到要求的厚度后，方可向前施焊；焊接速度：要求等速焊接，保证焊缝厚度、宽度均匀一致，从面罩内看熔池中铁水与熔渣保持等距离（2～3㎜）为宜；焊接电弧长度：根据焊条型号不同而确定，一般要求电弧长度稳定不变，酸性焊条一般为3～4㎜，碱性焊条一般为2～3㎜为宜；焊接角度：根据两焊件的厚度确定，焊接角度有两个方面，一是焊条与焊接前进方向的夹角为60～75 ；二是焊条与焊接左右夹角有两种情况，当焊件厚度相等时，焊件与焊件夹角为45 ；当焊件厚度不等时，焊条与较厚焊件一侧夹角应大于焊条与薄焊件一侧夹角；收弧：每条焊缝焊到末尾，应将弧坑填满后，往焊接方向相反的方向带弧，使弧坑甩在焊道貌岸然里边，以防弧坑咬肉。

Flat Welding : choice of welding technology, electrode diameter, welding current, welding speed, the length of arc welding, weld process verification; Welding : welding inspection clearance groove, assembly space whether it meets the requirements, positioning it firmly welding, weld around is not oil, rust; Electrode temperature and baking time should be required, the rod removed from the oven. tempreture-constant drum on the electrode, then used as admission; Latin America : welding supply welding thickness, welding levels and electrode type and diameter, skilled welders and other factors, and to select appropriate welding current; fillet weld arc : fluctuations in the point arc weld end, they are advised more than 10 mm, is not hard arc, sparking arc weld zone from the electrode should be started immediately. Component integration and maintaining so-rod pieces have 2-4 mm gap arc.

1.1.2.1平焊：选择合适的焊接工艺，焊条直径，焊接电流，焊接速度，焊接电弧长度等，通过焊接工艺验证；清理焊口：焊前检查坡口、组装间隙是否符合要求，定位焊是否牢固，焊缝周围不得有油污、锈物；烘焙焊条应符合规定温度与时间，从烘箱中取出的焊条，放在焊条保温桶内，随用随取；焊拉电源：根据焊件厚度、焊接层次、焊条型号、直径、焊工熟练程度等因素，选择适宜的焊接电流；引弧：角焊缝起落弧点应在焊缝端部，宜大于10㎜，不应随便打弧，打火引弧后应立即将焊条从焊缝区拉开，使焊条块结合与构件间保持2～4㎜间隙产生电弧。

Flat Welding : choice of welding technology, electrode diameter, welding current, welding speed, the length of arc welding, weld process verification; Welding : welding inspection clearance groove, assembly space whether it meets the requirements, positioning it firmly welding, weld around is not oil, rust; Electrode temperature and baking time should be required, the rod removed from the oven. tempreture-constant drum on the electrode, then used as admission; Latin America : welding supply welding thickness, welding levels and electrode type and diameter, skil led welders and other factors, and to select appropriate welding current; fillet weld arc : fluctuations in the point arc weld end, they are advised more than 10 mm, is not hard arc, sparking arc weld zone from the electrode should be started immediately. Component integration and maintaining so-rod pieces have 2-4 mm gap arc.

1.1.2.1平焊：选择合适的焊接工艺，焊条直径，焊接电流，焊接速度，焊接电弧长度等，通过焊接工艺验证；清理焊口：焊前检查坡口、组装间隙是否符合要求，定位焊是否牢固，焊缝周围不得有油污、锈物；烘焙焊条应符合规定温度与时间，从烘箱中取出的焊条，放在焊条保温桶内，随用随取；焊拉电源：根据焊件厚度、焊接层次、焊条型号、直径、焊工熟练程度等因素，选择适宜的焊接电流；引弧：角焊缝起落弧点应在焊缝端部，宜大于10㎜，不应随便打弧，打火引弧后应立即将焊条从焊缝区拉开，使焊条块结合与构件间保持2～4㎜间隙产生电弧。

Arc cutting;Arc welding;Arc welding cables;Arc-welding equipment;Blowpipes;Connectored joints;Construction requirements;Definition;Definitions;Degrees of protection;Dimensioning;Electric contact protection;Electrical engineering;Electrical safety;Environmental condition;Equipment;Feed;Feeder units;Feeding devices;Filler wire;MAG welding;Manual arc welding;Marking;MIG welding;Operating instructions;Performance requirements;Plasma arc cutting;Plasma-arc welding;Protection against electric shocks;Protective measures;Safety;Safety devices;Safety requirements;Specification;Temperature range;Test conditions;Testing;Testing conditions;Welding;Welding engineering;Welding equipment;Welding power supply;Wire guiding;Wires

中文标题电弧焊设备。第5部分：焊丝进料装置中文主题词弧切割；弧焊；电弧焊接电揽；电弧焊接设备；下流管；接头；施工要求；定义；保护程度；标注；电气接触保护；电气工程；电气保护；环境条件；设备；进料；进料单元；进料设备；填丝；MAG 焊接；手工电弧焊；做标记；MIG 焊接；操作说明；性能要求；等离子弧切割；等离子弧焊接；电击防护；保护措施；安全；安全仪；安全要求；规范；温度范围；试验条件；试验；焊接；焊接工程；焊接设备；焊接电源；线材指示；线

The welding deformation and residual stress are decreased evidently.The dimensional stability and service security of the welding structure are increased obviously.The impact absorbing energy of weld is improved by 21% under vibratory weld conditioning. And the effect of mechanical vibration on the impact absorbing energy of weld is greater than that of HAZHAZ are refined distinctly. The fusion area and overheated zone are narrowed. And the dimension of Widmanstaten structure minishes or disappeares.

试验结果表明：振动焊接后，焊接变形和残余应力明显降低，焊接结构尺寸稳定性和使用安全性大大提高，振动焊接后焊缝试样的冲击吸收功平均值比常规焊接下冲击吸收功的平均值提高了21%，且振动焊接对焊缝冲击性能的影响要明显大于对热影响区冲击性能的影响；振动焊接使得焊缝和热影响区的组织明显细化，熔合区和过热区变窄，魏氏组织减小或消失。

Approval;Approved organizations;Bend testing;Butt welding;Definition;Definitions;Design;Dimensions;Electric welding;Flash welding;Inspection;Materials;Metal sections;Order indications;Performance tests;Permanent ways;Profile;Quality;Rail joints;Rails;Railway applications;Railway rails;Railways;Resistance welding;Sections;Specification;Steel welding;Steels;Suitability;Testing;Tracks;Travel ways;Vignol rail;Weldability;Welded joints;Welding;Welding engineering;Welding equipment;Welding processes;Weldings

中文主题词认可；受批准组织；弯曲测试；对接焊；定义；设计；尺寸；电焊；闪光焊；检验；材料；金属型材；顺序示度；性能试验；永存性铁路；轮廓；质量；钢轨接头；钢轨；铁路设施；铁路钢轨；铁路；电阻焊接；型材；规范；钢件焊接；钢；适宜性；测试；轨道；旅行线路；丁字形铁轨；可焊性；焊接接头；焊接；焊接工程；焊接设备；焊接工艺；焊接法

The relationships between welding pool width, wire extension and welding parameters including welding current duty ratio, base current, peak current, welding speed and wire-feeding speed were studied. Through large numbers of welding experiments, aluminum alloy pulsed MIG welding dynamic process were identified by the curve fitting method, and the mathematical models between welding current duty ratio, base current, welding speed, wire-feeding speed and wire extension were obtained, succeeding the model between the above parameters and weld pool width.

介绍了铝合金MIG焊焊接电流占空比、基值电流、峰值电流、焊接速度、送丝速度对熔宽的影响规律，并在其基础上，通过平板堆焊试验研究了这些参数对焊接干伸长的影响规律；在铝合金机器人脉冲MIG焊平板堆焊过程各焊接参数与正面熔宽之间的传递函数的基础上，采用铝合金平板堆焊阶跃试验，利用曲线拟合法辨识了铝合金机器人脉冲MIG焊动态过程传递函数，建立了焊接电流占空比、基值电流、焊接速度、送丝速度与焊接干伸长之间的对象数学模型。

It has been put forward that there exists single Ball point and double Ball points on the symmetrical connecting-rod curves of equilateral mechanisms.

从鲍尔点的形成原理出发，分析对称连杆曲线上鲍尔点的产生条件，提出等边机构的对称连杆曲线上有单鲍尔点和双鲍尔点。

The factory affiliated to the Group primarily manufactures multiple-purpose pincers, baking kits, knives, scissors, kitchenware, gardening tools and beauty care kits as well as other hardware tools, the annual production value of which reaches US$ 30 million dollars.

集团所属工厂主要生产多用钳、烤具、刀具、剪刀、厨具、花园工具、美容套等五金产品，年生产总值3000万美元，产品价廉物美、选料上乘、质量保证，深受国内外客户的青睐