烯酮

Firstly, polyacrylamide with 26 million molecular weight was compounded in lab through establishing optimum compounding initiator proportionality of 1:1. 3 and mass concentration of 170 mgL^(-1), temperature of 10 ℃, acrylamide mass percentage of 25%, electrical conductivity of 3.6 μSm^(-1) and pH value of 6.57. The salt-resistance, thermal endurance and shear-resistance of polyacrylamide could be enhanced b introducing sulfonic acid group or styrene sulfonate group or drawing the two groups above at the same time. Secondly, chelator HEDP, bactericide isoquinoline ketone and oxygen scavenger thiourea were optimized to improve the compatibility of polyacrylamide and formation water.

在由室内试验确定了复合引发剂最佳比值1：1.3和质量浓度170 mgL^(-1)、合成最佳温度10℃、丙烯酰胺单体质量分数25%、电导率3.6μSm^(-1)和pH值6.57后，合成出相对分子质量高于2.6×10^7的聚丙烯酰胺，同时通过丙烯酰胺单体复配引入磺酸基团、苯乙烯磺酸基团或同时引入此两种基团，提高了聚合物的抗盐、抗温、抗剪切性能；后针对聚丙烯酰胺与地层水配伍性差的问题，优选出HEDP螯合剂、异噻唑烷酮杀菌剂和除氧剂硫脲，对聚合物稳定效果明显。

The results indicated isoprene was soon consumed under the condition of excess ozone. During the reaction, the major carbonyl products formed were methyl vinyl ketone, methacrolein, methylglyoxal, and formaldehyde. Formic acid, CO and CO2 were also among the products.

在反应温度(294±2)K，压力为1.01×10^5Pa空气，O3过量的条件下，异戊二烯很快反应完全，反应中生成的羰基产物主要包括甲基丙烯醛、甲基乙烯基酮、丙酮醛和甲醛；产物中还包括甲酸、一氧化碳和二氧化碳。

Starting from 4-androstenedione, three novel 3-oxo-4-aza-5-androstene-17-oxime derivatives 7, 8 and 9 were synthesized through oxidation ring cleavage, amination ring closure, oximation,and substitution .

以4雄烯二酮为起始原料，经过氧化开环、氨解闭环、肟化、取代等4-步反应，合成了3个新的3-羰基-4-氮杂-5-雄甾烯-17肟衍生物7、8和9，并用质谱、1HNMR、13CNMR等测试手段对目标化合物的结构进行了表征

The volatile components were separated and identified using GC-MS technique. RESULTS Seven ingredients were. isolated: 2-ethyl-hexyl-adipate (66.5%), 1-methoxy-4-(1-propenyl)benzene (12.5%), isopropyl isothiocyanate (6%), isobutylisothiocyanate (6%), 6-methyl-5-heptene-2-one (3.5%), benzaldehyde (1.4%), phenylacetaldehyde (0.8%).

结果 分离出7个成分，采用峰面积归一化法确定了各成分的相对含量，分别为66.5%双－2-乙基己基－己二酸、12.5%1-甲氧基－4-（1-丙烯基）苯、6%异硫氰酸异丙酯6%、6%异硫氰酸异丁酯、3.5%6-甲基－5-庚烯－2-酮、1.4%苯甲醛、0.8%苯乙醛。

Escherichia coli and many other microoganism synthesize aromatic amino acids through the condensation reaction between phospho enolpyruvate and erythro.

ppsA和tktA是芳香族氨基酸生物合成中心途径的两个关键酶基因，在大肠杆菌中，ppsA基因编码磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸合成酶A ，该酶催化丙酮酸合成磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸；tktA基因编码转酮酶A ，该酶在磷酸戊糖途径中生成 4 磷酸赤藓糖起主要作用。

Because the limonene does not have a carbonyl group, the small amount of it which remainsin the carvone fraction will not form a semicarbazone derivative.

由于柠檬烯没有羧基，留在香芹酮馏份中少量的柠檬烯将不会产生缩胺基脲的衍生物。

Part Ⅱ: The evelopropanation reactions of both semi-stabilized telluronium and arsoniumylides with α,β--unsaturated ketones proceed smoothly.

第二部分：烯丙基、巴豆基、三甲基硅基烯丙基、肉桂基、苄基碲、胂两种叶立德与α，β-不饱和酮均可以成功地进行环丙烷化反应，并且表现出不同的立体选择性。

Three results are obtained by an orthogonal experiment. The main components of essential oil in separating containerⅠare terpenoid, terpeneless compound is in separating container Ⅱ. Through second-level separation the technological conditions of de-terpene are: pressure 7MPa, temperature 32℃ in separating containerⅠ;pressure 4～5MPa, temperature 32℃ in separating containerⅡ. The optimum technological parameters of obtaining two essential oils are: particle size 0.60mm, pressure 10MPa, temperature 36℃, operating time 90 minutes. There are 1.46% and 1.88% essential oil in separating containerⅠand Ⅱ respectively.

通过正交试验表明：分离器Ⅰ中精油的主要成分是萜烯烃类化合物，分离器Ⅱ中精油的主要成分是由高级醇类、醛类、酮类、酯类等组成的含氧化合物；二级分离脱萜的适宜参数是：分离器Ⅰ的压力为7MPa，分离器Ⅱ的压力与循环压力相同，温度都为32℃；同时得到萜烯烃类精油和低萜精油的最优工艺组合是粒度0.60mm，萃取压力10MPa，萃取温度36℃，萃取时间90min，精油得率分别为1.46％和1.88％。

Including high temperature for the pyrolysis of natural gas to produce carbon black and acetylene; steam reforming of natural gas or partial oxidation of natural gas, synthetic gas can be obtained; natural gas through chlorination, sulfide, nitrification, ammoniated oxide, oxidation can be obtained A N all kinds of derivatives; in the wet gas ethane, propane, butane and natural gas liquid condensate, and so on, the steam cracker or pyrolysis to produce ethylene, propylene and butadiene; dehydrogenation of butane oxidation or produce small Diene or acetic acid, methyl ethyl ketone, and maleic anhydride, and so on.

包括在高温下进行的天然气热裂解，主要生产乙炔和炭黑；天然气蒸汽转化或天然气的部分氧化，可制得合成气；天然气经过氯化、硫化、硝化、氨化氧化、氧化可制得甲烷的各种衍生物；湿性天然气中的乙烷、丙烷、丁烷和天然气凝析液等，经蒸汽裂解或热裂解可生产乙烯、丙烯和丁二烯；丁烷脱氢或氧化可生产丁二烯或醋酸、甲基乙基酮、顺丁烯二酸酐等。

A one-step method for the synthesis of aromatic indolizine derivatives byintramolecular 1,5-dipolar cyclization reaction of 2-(2-arylethenyl)pyridinium N-ylidesin the presence of an oxidant has been studied for the first time. In the presence ofelectron-deficient olefins, however, 2-(2-phenylethenyl)pyridinium N-ylides underwent1,3-dipolar cycloadditions and then aromatized in situ by TPCD to produce indolizinederivatives, indicating 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition proceed more readily than 1 ,5-dipolarcyclization in these conditions. Pyridinium disubstituted N-ylides, readily obtainedfrom corresponding pridinium and β-chlorovinyl ketone, underwent thermalintramolecular 1,5-dipolar cyclization to give indolizine derivatives easily.Indolizinecarbaldehyde derivatives were synthesized starting from 2-pyridinecarbaldehyde in four-steps involving 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction.

本文首次研究了2-(2-芳基乙烯基)吡啶N-叶立德在氧化剂存在下的分子内1，5-偶极环化反应，采用一锅法合成了中氮茚衍生物；研究了这些N-叶立德的1，5-偶极环化和1，3-偶极环加成反应的选择性，发现当有缺电子烯烃存在时，优先进行1，3-偶极环加成反应，而不再发生分子内1，5-偶极环化反应；由β-氯乙烯酮方便地得到了烯丙基N-叶立德，他们在加热时进行分子内1，5-偶极环化反应而得到中氮茚衍生物；由2-吡啶甲醛为起始原料，通过1，3-偶极环加成反应等四步反应，得到了重要的中氮茚甲醛衍生物，这些反应都具有条件温和和操作简便的特点，是合成中氮茚衍生物的新方法。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。