烯烃

However the chlorohydrin route generates chlorinated by-products, mainly dichloropropane and CaCl_2, which results in equipment erosion and serious environmental pollution, while the co-production route needs large investment and its economic benefit is linked to market of the by-products, namely styrene or tert-butyl alcohol.

氯醇法设备腐蚀和环境污染严重，共氧化法设备投资巨大且受到联产物——苯乙烯或叔丁醇销路的制约。1983年，Taramasso首次报道了钛硅分子筛(TS-1)的合成，为低碳烯烃选择氧化开辟了一条新的途径。

AIM: To synthesize 2 novel chiral ligands derived from cinchona alkaloids and study their catalytic performance in asymmetric dihydroxylation of 5 olefins.

目的：合成两种新的金鸡纳生物碱类衍生物配体并将其用于催化五种烯烃的不对称二羟化反应，考察催化效果。

METHODS: Inexpensive quinine and cinchonine were transformed to 9NH2quinine and 9NH2cinchonine, which reacted with 4chlorobenzoyl chloride to afford 2 novel chiral ligands. The AD reactions of olefins were performed in H2OtBuOH (1∶1) using the 2 ligandsK2OSO24 as catalysts.

以价廉易得的奎宁和辛可宁为原料，经过结构转换得到9氨基奎宁和9氨基辛克宁，进而与对氯苯甲酰氯反应制得两种新型手性配体，并将其用于锇催化的烯烃的不对称双羟化反应。

The investigation of the catalytic activity and stereoselectivity of ligand 10 was also carried out under another standard set of K〓Fe 〓 conditions (〓/ligand/substrate=0.002: 0.01: 1). The AD reaction of seven olefins gave corresponding diols in 72～99% yield (except for ethyl cinnamate, 48%) and 91～99% ees, which was comparable to those obtained from the reactions using the commercial ligand 〓PHAL.

将单季铵盐手性配体10用于AD反应的另一个催化体系〓BuOH-H〓O/K〓Fe〓中考察其催化活性和立体选择性，在七种烯烃的AD反应中，〓、配体与底物的摩尔比为0.002：0.01：1时，化学产率为72～99％（肉桂酸乙酯除外，为48％），ee值为91～99.9％，与商品配体〓PHAL的催化结果相当。

The interactions of globular proteins with oppositely charged polymers can form soluble complexes, coagula, or precipitates, depending on the concentrations of protein and polymer, pH and ionic strength of aqueous solution.

论文工作的第三部分研究了在与马来酸—烯烃交替共聚物结合和解离过程中细胞色素c结构的可逆转换。

By the theories of cavitations and free volume, it analyses the factors on lubricant low-temperature property in view of molecule structure, brings up effective ways to improve the low-temperature properties, conducts plenty of testing with even designs, and then investigates and tests the lubricant's low-temperature properties with computerized system; it analyses the data by regressi on method and optimizes the solving, and studies on the base oil of environment friendly lubricants and selects the composition of colza oil, esters and PAO2, and discusses on low-temperature flowability of vegetable-base lubricants.

应用空穴理论及自由体积理论，从分子结构角度分析了影响润滑油低温性能的因素，提出了改善对润滑油低温性能的有效途径，组织了大量试验，通过润滑油的计算机检测系统对润滑油的低温性能进行了分析检测，采用均匀设计来组织实验；用逐步回归对数据进行分析并且进行最优化求解，对环境兼容润滑油的基础油进行了分析研究，选择菜籽油、季戊四醇酯和聚α-烯烃作为基础油，并从理论上对植物基润滑油的低温流动性进行了探讨。

By the theories of cavitations and free volume, it analyses the factors on lubricant low-temperature property in view of molecule structure, brings up effective ways to improve the low-temperature properties, conducts plenty of testing with even designs, and then investigates and tests the lubricants low-temperature properties with computerized system; it analyses the data by regression method and optimizes the solving, and studies on the base oil of environment friendly lubricants and selects the composition of colza oil, esters and PAO2, and discusses on low-temperature flowability of vegetable-base lubricants.

应用空穴理论及自由体积理论，从分子结构角度分析了影响润滑油低温性能的因素，提出了改善对润滑油低温性能的有效途径，组织了大量试验，通过润滑油的计算机检测系统对润滑油的低温性能进行了分析检测，采用均匀设计来组织实验；用逐步回归对数据进行分析并且进行最优化求解，对环境兼容润滑油的基础油进行了分析研究，选择菜籽油、季戊四醇酯和聚α-烯烃作为基础油，并从理论上对植物基润滑油的低温流动性进行了探讨。

By the theories of cavitations and free volume, it analyses the factors on lubricant low-temperature property in view of molecule structure, brings up effective ways to improve the low-temperature properties, conducts plenty of testing with even designs, and then investigates and tests the lubricant's low-temperature properties with computerized system; it analyses the data by regression method and optimizes the solving, and studies on the base oil of environment friendly lubricants and selects the composition of colza oil, esters and PA02, and discusses on low-temperature flowability of vegetable-base lubricants.

应用空穴理论及自由体积理论，从分子结构角度分析了影响润滑油低温性能的因素，提出了改善对润滑油低温性能的有效途径，组织了大量试验，通过润滑油的计算机检测系统对润滑油的低温性能进行了分析检测，采用均匀设计来组织实验；用逐步回归对数据进行分析并且进行最优化求解，对环境兼容润滑油的基础油进行了分析研究，选择菜籽油、季戊四醇酯和聚α-烯烃作为基础油，并从理论上对植物基润滑油的低温流动性进行了探讨。

At lower temperature, GOC process of decane is more suitable for producing liquid compounds, as well as low alkenes.

于热裂解反应相比，低温下正癸烷的GOC反应更适合制备液体组分，同时联产低碳烯烃。

The deoxidizer of the invention can be reduced and regenerated below 150 DEG C, and can purify the trace oxygen in the olefin with a carbon atom more than 3 at room temperature to less than 0.05ppm.

本发明的脱氧剂可以在150℃以下还原再生，室温下将C3以上烯烃中的微量氧净化至0.05ppm以下。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。