烯化

This article summarizes the latest research progress of the allylation reaction mediated by metals in aqueous media, and the new reaction mechanism is explained briefly.

本文综述了水相中金属参与烯丙基化反应的最新研究进展，并对新的反应机理作了简要的阐述。关键词：谢斌，冯建申邹立科，张秀兰

The palladium-catalyzed allylation is a powerful tool for C-C, C-N, and C-O bond formation, which has been widely applied to organic chemistry.

而利用金属钯当作催化剂来进行烯丙基化反应，形成碳-碳键，碳-氮键和碳-氧键，在有机化学中是很广泛的合成方法。

In this system, the allylation was selectively toward aldehyde in the presence of ketone; the allylation squinted toward aliphatic aldehyde in the presence of aromatic aldehyde.

该方法不仅对于醛和酮具有很高的化学选择性，而且对于芳香醛和脂肪醛也有很好的选择性，当存在芳香醛时，脂肪醛优先发生烯丙基化反应。

2-Substituted-3,4-dihydro-1(2H)-isoquinolinones were synthesized from methyl 3-hydroxy-ben- zoates via allyl etherification, Claisen rearrangement, oxidation, reductive amination and aminolysis for the first time.

以3-羟基-4-甲氧基苯甲酸甲酯等为原料，通过烯丙基醚化、Claisen重排、氧化、与伯胺反应、还原、分子内酯的胺解六步反应合成了一系列2-取代-3，4-二氢-1-异喹啉酮类化合物。

A preliminary study also showed the free arachidonic acid could be incorporated into the active fraction of conditioned medium.

初步的实验也告诉我们自由的二十碳四烯酸能被颗粒细胞溶入於状况化培养液中之活性成分中。

These results suggested that the active component in the conditioned medium of rat granulosa cells from developing follicles may be derived from arachidonic acid.

这些结果显示发育滤泡中的颗粒细胞的状况化培养液中的活性成分可能是来自二十碳四烯酸。

Amination reaction was carried out at temperature of 90℃ to 150℃ for 2h to 10h and then ashless dispersant of polyisobutylene succinimide would be obtained after dehydration with the operations of vacuum distillation and filtration.

结果发现，实验在N_2保护下进行，BPO／PIB质量比为0.035，MA／PIB摩尔比为1.3，反应温度为150℃，反应时间为12h，搅拌速率为250rpm，引发剂过氧化苯甲酰以丁酮为溶剂分六次，时间间隔为30分钟，均量地加入反应器时，烃化反应物聚异丁烯的转化率最高。

For low molar ratios of Al/Zr, a hypsochromic shift of the initial catalyst absorption band, corresponding to the monomethylation of the catalyst, was observed. Further addition of AlEt2Cl was accompanied by a continuous bathochromic shift of the maximal wavelength corresponding to the formation of more dissociated ionic active species. Then, there would be a coordination of monomer to the ionic active species.

结果表明，无论是AlEt_2Cl还是MAO，少量的助催化剂首先使催化剂发生单烷基化反应，主催化剂金属中心的最大吸收峰波长发生蓝移，而当助催化剂量进一步增加时，金属中心的最大吸收峰波长红移，单烷基取代的催化剂被大量的助催化剂夺去电子成为缺电子的阳离子活性中心，以便烯烃单体的配位插入。

During the second transition about 231°C, a structural change took place, which corresponding to decomposition of silver behenate. The major thermal decomposition products are silver nanoparticles and behenic acid. The gas products from thermal decomposition of silver behenate were detected by MS. Carbon dioxide was first emerged, subsequently water, hydrogen, acetylene and some small molecule alkenes appeared.

采用MS对山嵛酸银在整个热分解过程中所释放出的气体产物的跟踪检测发现，首先是二氧化碳气体的放出，接着是氢气和水，随着温度的进一步升高，又伴随着乙炔和一些小分子的烯烃产生，当温度进一步升高到500℃左右时，被山嵛酸钝化的银纳米粒子逐渐失去了有机分子，最终的热分解产物为金属银。

The results show that there is intensive synergistic effect among cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, benzalacetone and polyethylene glycol. A bright and compact nanocrystalline zinc was produced due to the coexistence of such three additives.

结果表明，十六烷基三甲基溴化铵、4-苯基-3-丁烯-2-酮和聚乙二醇三种添加剂之间具有较强的协同作用，采用三者组成的混合添加剂可制备出光亮致密的纳米晶锌镀层。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。