烯化

The results were asfollows:When the ratio of HY zeolite to raw material was 2.5g/100mL and thereaction was heated to 140℃for 4h,the effect of isomerization of turpentinewas better, the conversion rate of pinene was 97.02%,and the selectivity ofcamphene was 42.88%.When the ratio of HZSM-5 zeolite to raw material was4.5g/100mL and the reaction was heated to 140℃for 4h,the effect ofisomerization of turpentine was better, the conversion rate of pinene was86.24%,and the selectivity of camphene was 46.95%.

结(来源：A45BC论ba文网www.abclunwen.com)果表明：HY型沸石分子筛催化，当其用量为2.5g／100mL原料，反应在140℃下维持4h时，松节油的异构化效果较好，蒎烯转化率达97.02％，莰烯选择性为42.88％；而HZSM-5型沸石分子筛催化，当其用量为4.5 g／100mL原料，反应在140℃下维持4h时，松节油的异构化效果较好，蒎烯转化率达86.24％，莰烯选择性为46.95％。

Water,Hydrogenated Polyisobutene,Cyclohexasiloxane,Glycerin,Alcohol Denat,Cetearyl Alcohol,PEG-20,Petrolatum,C13-14 Isoparaffin,Zea Mays Oil,Tocopheryl Acetate,Hydroxypropyl Tetrahydropyrantriol,Hydrolyzed Soy Protein,CI 14700/Red 4,Phenoxyethanol,Adenosine,PEG-100 Stearate,Ethylparaben,Triethanolamine,Polyacrylamide,Malus Domestica Stem Cell Culture,CI 19140/Yellow 5,Dimethyl Isosorbide,Dimethicone,Dimethiconol,Limonene,Xanthan Gum,Pentaerythrityl Tetra-Di-T-Butyl Hydroxyhydrocinnamate,Linalool,2-Oleamido-1,3-Octadecanediol,Capryloyl Salicylic Acid,Acrylates/C10-30 Alkyl Acrylate Crosspolymer,Passiflora Edulis Seed Oil,Disodium EDTA,Castanea Sativa Seed Extract,Butyrospermum Parkii· Cetyl Alcohol,Butylene Glycol,Octyldodecanol,Cetearyl Glucoside,Methylparaben,Citronellol,Prunus Armeniaca Kernel Oil,Laureth-7,Coumarin,Oryza Sativa Bran Oil,Glyceryl Stearate,Fragrance

水，甘油，氢化聚异丁烯，液体石蜡/矿油，丁二醇，环己硅氧烷，鲸蜡醇，甘油硬脂酸酯，棕榈油，玉米胚芽油，PEG-100硬脂酸酯，白蜂蜡/蜂蜡，肉豆蔻醇肉豆蔻酸酯，石蜡，香精，腺苷，苧烯，山梨醇，CI 14700，CI 19140，稻糠油，杏仁油，EDTA二钠，羟丙基四氢吡喃三醇，苯氧乙醇，聚乙二醇-14M，异十六烷，氢氧化钠，辛基十二醇，季戊四醇四（双-t-丁基羟基氢化肉桂酸）酯，山梨坦三硬脂酸酯，水解大豆蛋白，卡波姆，鸡蛋果籽油，苹果果实提取物，欧洲栗籽提取物，异山梨醇酐二甲醚，聚山梨醇酯-80，辛酰水杨酸，2-油酰胺基-1，3-十八烷二醇，氯苯甘醚，麦芽糖醇，香豆素，黄原胶，微晶蜡，丙烯酰胺/丙烯酰基二甲基牛磺酸钠共聚物，丙二醇，芳樟醇，香茅醇，玉米油，羟苯丙酯，羟苯甲酯

ABSTRACT Immobilized penicillin acylase (from E.coli) was used to catalyze 7 phenylacetamido 3 E propenyl cephalosporanic acid hydrolyzation into 7 amino 3 E propenyl cephalosporanic acid. Then, trans APRA was acylated with hydroxyethyl ester of 4 hydroxy D phenylglycine to obtain trans cefprozil.

以7 苯乙酰氨基 3 E 丙烯基 3 头孢菌素 4 羧酸为原料，在青霉素酰化酶作用下，首先酶法水解得到3 E 丙烯基 3 头孢菌素 4 羧酸，过滤固相酶，滤液调pH分离得到反式APRA固体；在青霉素酰化酶作用下，反式APRA再与对羟基苯甘氨酸乙二醇酯缩合，得到反式头孢丙烯；酶法合成所得的产品与进口反式头孢丙烯对照品一致。

HCo 〓-catalyzed hydroformylation and isomerization of allene and propyne Allene hydroformylation favors the linear anti-Markovnikov product in high regioselectivity both kinetically and thermodynamically. The origin of this regioselectivity comes from the enhanced stability of the η〓-allylic intermediate (η〓-CH〓CHCH〓 Co 〓.

HCo〓催化的丙二烯和丙炔氢甲酰化反应及异构化反应 HCo〓催化丙二烯氢甲酰化反应的区域选择性主要由不可逆的丙二烯插入步骤决定，动力学和热力学因素都有利于形成anti-Markovnikov中间物种(η〓-CH〓CHCH〓)Co〓，形成Markovnikov中间物种Co〓是不具有竞争性的。

Because of the rapid development of allylation reaction in aqueous media, allylation reaction mediated by new metal systems or metal systems, and its mechanism are reported increasingly.

水相烯丙基化反应由于其发展速度较快，新的金属及金属体系参与的烯丙基化反应以及水相烯丙基化反应的机理研究不断被报道。

In chapter four, the preperation of ytterbium diiodide was examined. The reductive cleavage of Se-Se bond and S-S bond induced by ytterbium diiodide was investigated. The reaction of diselenides and disulfides with allylic bromide promoted by ytterbium diiodide was also examined. The intermolecular Barbier-type reaction induced by ytterbium diiodide was studied. In the last section of this chapter, the intermolecular reductive coupling of nitriles with azides induced by samarium diiodide was investigated.

第四章，研究了二碘化镱的制备方法，以及二碘化镱作为一种优良的单电子转移试剂在有机合成中的应用：二硒醚的Se--Se键和二硫醚S-S键的还原断裂，及其在合成烯丙基硒醚，硒代酯和烯丙基硫醚，硫代酯中的应用，实验结果表明二碘化镱也能促进分子间的Barbier反应，而文献认为二碘化镱不能促进分子间的Barbier反应；最后研究了二碘化钐促进的叠氮化合物与腈的交叉还原偶联反应，一步高收率地制备脒的方法。

D limonene was distributed among the culture flasks (200 mg/L). The flasks were incubated at 28oC on a rotary shaker (r/min=120) for 5 days. On completion, the culture broth were successively extracted with EtOAc. The extract was quantitatively measured by gas chromatography mass spectrometry analysis, The results showed that biocatalytic reactions were comprised of oxidation, including hydroxylation and ketonization which occurred at different positions of the D limonene, as well as hydrogenation, hydrolyzation, esterification and cyclic cleavage. These bacteria strains possess the distinctive biocatalytic capacities towards the D limonene. A series of terpenoids, including sesqui , di and tri terpernoids were also observed,which was accounted for D limonene had influence on the metabolites of marine bacteria.

以2216E为培养基，添加200mg/L的柠檬烯，在28℃，以120 r/min摇瓶培养5 d，用乙酸乙酯提取培养液，经GC MS分析其转化产物，结果显示，这些细菌能在柠檬烯的不同位置进行羟基化、羰基化等，并伴随有还原、水解、酯化、开环等反应，但转化能力和转化程度不同；在产物中，还检测到系列结构不同的其它萜类：包括倍半萜、二萜以及三萜等，这些萜类化合物的产生跟柠檬烯的加入有关，说明柠檬烯能影响细菌代谢产物的产生。

For TRO there are a little surfacatants whose effect are not good.In this paper,content of sulfonates and composition of alkyl are decided through right design ;under control reaction conditions different alkylbenzene sulfonates are synthesized;Polyreaction catalyst is developed .non-straight high carbon olefine are made through C9-C12 Polyreaction technolgy;clear composition alkylkenzene is sulfanated in falling-film reactor by SO,product can be adjusted,recipe of the surfacate can be used for super-low interfacialtension with Daqing oil -10-3-10-4mN/m,and stablity is good too.According to method issued by Daqing Develop and Explore Research institute,EOR is over 20% in natural core .

本文研究通过烷基苯磺酸盐组成的正确设计，确定了磺酸盐的当量范围和烷基碳数组成和分布；通过对烷基化条件控制，设计合成了不同碳数的直链和支链烷基苯及烷基二甲苯，并用于制备了相应的烷基苯磺酸盐；研制出了新型的烯烃叠合络合催化剂，采用C_9、C_(12)支链烯烃叠合工艺合成了更高碳数的支链烯烃，并进一步合成出相应的烷基苯和烷基二甲苯；以SO_3为磺化剂，通过对磺化条件的选择和控制，采用已知组成的烷基苯混合物进行膜式磺化反应，使合成工艺得以简化；所得磺酸盐组成确定并且可控，最终配方可与大庆原油形成超低界面张力，达10~3～10~(-4)mN/m数量级，且稳定性良好；以合成的烷基苯磺酸盐为主体形成了三元复合驱配方，室内驱油模拟实验表明，按照大庆研究院对复合驱体系活性剂的评价方法，在天然岩芯上的驱油效率在20％以上。

The main objective of this research project is to modify the Methyl-Acetylene/propadiene selective hydrogenation reaction system of the No.3 Naphtha Cracker in CPC. The original gas phase reaction system was redesigned to a liquid phase reaction so that higher propylene selectivity was achieved and lower rates of propane and green oil were produced. To recover effectively the higher production of valuable propylene from the reaction system, the following fractionator was also redesigned.

本研究之目的在於修改中油公司三轻工场老旧的甲基乙炔／丙二烯选择性氢化气相反应系统，使成为液相反应系统，藉由液相反应的优异性，提高由MAPD氢化得到丙烯之选择率，同时降低丙烷及绿油产率，以增加丙烯产率，另亦修改丙烯精馏系统，以提升蒸馏塔提纯之效率。

Also, the type of dispersion of four gasliquid-liquid systems: air-decane-aqueous solution of sodium sulfite and surfactant, airmixture of decane and dodecene-aqueous solution of rhodium complex, ligand, and surfactant, air-mixture of decane, dodecene and tridecyl aldehyde-aqueous solution of rhodium complex, ligand and surfactant, and air-mixture of decane and dodeceneaqueous solution of trisodium salt of tri (m-sulfophenyl) phosphine, and surfactant is determined by electric conductivity.

本文采用电导率测量的方法实验研究了空气—正癸烷—亚硫酸钠和十六烷基三甲基溴化铵水溶液、空气—正癸烷和1-十二碳烯混合物—铑膦络合物催化剂和十六烷基三甲基溴化铵水溶液、空气—正癸烷、1-十二碳烯和十三醛混合物—铑膦络合物催化剂和十六烷基三甲基溴化铵水溶液、空气—正癸烷和1-十二碳烯混合物—三间磺化苯基膦三钠盐和十六烷基三甲基溴化铵水溶液四个三相体系的液液分散特性。当有机相与水相体积比分别为7／3、1／1和3／7时，前三个体系均形成水包油型分散，并有稳定的乳状液生成。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。