烯

Compareing with essential oil of the steam distillation method and the bensine solvent extraction method through GC-MS analysis .The result showed that:the essential oil principal constituent extracted by benzine is camphene,a-pinene,bornyl acetate, limonene, 1-methyl-4-(1-methylethyl)-1,4-cyclohexadiene, myrcene, caryophyllene, borneol.

对巴山冷杉针叶水蒸气蒸馏和石油醚萃取所得精油的GC-MS 分析对比研究结果表明：石油醚萃取精油主要成分为：莰烯，a-蒎烯，乙酸龙脑酯，柠檬烯，1-甲基-4-异丙基-1，4-环己二烯，月桂烯，石竹烯，龙脑。

The result showed that there was significant botanical character difference among the three varieties of rosemary; the content of essential oil of Rosmarinus officinalis L is higher than that of Rosmarinus officinalis 'Rex' and Rosmarinus officinalis 'Wood' with 0.80, 0.46 and 0.40 mL(100g)^(-1)FW respectively;α-pinene、1,8-cineole、verbenone、geraniol and borneol were the main compositions of essential oil from Rosmarinus officinalis L, with 27.26%, 20.92%, 11.75%, 5.92% and 5.07% respectively; the major components of essential oil of Rosmarinus officinalis 'Rex' were 1,8-cineole、camphor、borneol、α-pinene and camphene, accounting for 31.07%, 21.66%, 11.98%, 5.36% and 5.34% respectively; in Rosmarinus officinalis 'Wood', camphor、1,8-cineole、bornyl acetate、borneol、α-pineneand camphene were the major compositions with 24.69%, 23.96%, 6.76%, 5.94%, 5.80% and 5.28% respectively.

结果表明：三种迷迭香的植物学性状，如外形、花色等差异显著；迷迭香的精油含有率较高，为0.80mL(100g)^(-1)FW，Rex迷迭香和Wood迷迭香的精油含有率低，分别为0.46和0.40mL(100g)^(-1)FW；迷迭香的主要成分为α-蒎烯27.26%、1，8-桉叶素20.92%、马鞭烯酮11.75%、香叶醇5.92%、龙脑5.07%等，Rex迷迭香精油中1，8-桉叶素31.07%、樟脑21.66%和龙脑11.98%、α-蒎烯5.36%、莰烯5.34%是其主要成分，Wood迷迭香精油的主要成分为樟脑24.69%、1，8-桉叶素23.96%、醋酸龙脑酯6.76%、龙脑5.94%、α-蒎烯5.80%和莰烯5.28%等。

13 K,α-pinene+ p -cymene (429. 05—447. 15 K),β-pinene+ p -cymene (439. 20—448. 66 K) and α-pinene+β-pinene+ p -cymene (432. 17—448. 11 K) were determined at atmospheric pressure (100. 7 kPa) with the modified Ellis still. The thermodynamic consistency of the experimental data was confirmed by means of the Herington method.

采用改进的Ellis平衡釜测定了在常压(100.7 kPa)下三个二元物系α-蒎烯＋β-蒎烯(428.82 K ~ 438.13 K)，α-蒎烯＋对伞花烃(429.05 K ~ 447.15 K)，β-蒎烯＋对伞花烃(439.20 K ~ 448.66 K)和一个三元物系α-蒎烯＋β-蒎烯＋对伞花烃(432.17 K ~ 448.11 K)的汽液相平衡数据，并利用Herington规则，以积分检验法对实验数据进行了热力学一致性检验。

Through mechanism analyzing on the process of producing HMT , it was known that because the resistance of isobutylene was small ,the yield of outgrowth in such a reaction system was little and the yield of reaction was as high as 86%. 2,3-dimethyI-butene-2 had the biggest resistance and lowest yield of reaction of 18%. 2,3-dimethyl-butene-l had bigger resistance than isobutylene and more outgrowth than isobutyles but its yield of reaction could reach 70%.

通过对上述三种烯烃合成HMT的研究可知，由于新己烯位阻小，反应中副反应少，收率高达86％：而2，3—二甲基—丁烯—2的位阻最大，反应中副反应最多，反应收率最高仅为18％；2，3—二甲基—丁烯—1的位阻比新己烯大，反应副产物比新己烯多，但反应收率仍可达70％。

The process can convert over 95% isobutylene in C 4 olefin into diisobutylene or isooctene in the present of acid cation exchange resin catalyst,and partial 1-butylene also take part in the reaction.

介绍了一种混合碳四烯烃叠合利用的预反和催化蒸馏组合技术，该技术以酸性阳离子交换树脂为催化剂，可以将混合碳四烯烃中的95%以上的异丁烯叠合反应生成二异丁烯和异辛烯，且部分正丁烯也参与二聚或共聚。

The main chemical constituents of the essential oil of peppermint are identical,which is 1-menthone,1-menthol, menthlacetate, menthofuan,α-pinene,β-pinene, limonene, 1, 8-cineole, 3-octanol, isomenthone, pulegone, neomenthol, caryophyllene, sabinenehydrate, germacrene-D, piperitol, viridiflorol,isomenthone, and others;but their contents are different,hence the aroma quality among the essential oil is greatly different.

它们的主要组成成分相同，均为薄荷酮、薄荷呋喃、乙酸薄荷酯、薄荷醇、α-蒎烯、β-蒎烯、苧烯、1、8-桉叶油素、3-辛醇、水烩烯、异薄荷酮、新薄荷醇、石竹烯、胡薄荷酮、大根香叶烯、胡椒醇、绿花醇等，但其含量有较大的差别，从而使精油香气品质产生了很大的差异。

The main volatile compounds were recorded, such as à-Cubebene (1.470%), Copaene (3.686%), C-Muurolene (3.152%, Eremophila-1(10), 11-diene (30.145%), Longifolene-(V4)(5.653%), Cadina-3, 9-diene (15.152%), Copaene (1.232%). The SPME fiber shows better selectivity and sensitivity toward some fragrance compounds comparing with other method.

主要挥发组分如：荜澄茄à-Cubebene (1.470%)、胡椒烯Copaene (3.686%)、衣兰油烯C-Muurolene (3.152%)、雅槛兰－1(10)，11-二烯Eremophila-1(10)，11-diene (30.145%)、长叶松萜烯Longifolene-(V4)(5.653%)、杜松－3，9-二烯Cadina-3，9-diene (15.152%)、古巴烯Copaene (1.232%)等。

The chapter two was focused on the samarium diiodide promoted organic reactions and their applications in organic synthesis, firstly, a new synthesis of highly substituted cyclopentadienes from a,β-alkynone promoted by samarium diiodide was investigated and the highly substituted cyclopentadienes were prepared in moderate to good yields under mild conditions. Secondly, the Michael addition and Michael-aldol tandem reaction of diorganyl diselenides or diorganyl disulfides with α,β-alkynones mediated by samarium diiodide were studied and a series of alkenylsulfides and alkenylselenides were prepared in good yields. Then the highly regioselecfive nucleophilic addition of the allylsamarium bromide to α,β-alkynones were explored. We found that the allylsamarium bromide reacts with α,β-alkynones to afford regiospecificly 1. 2-nucleophilic addition products in good yields under mild condition. At last we studied the coupling reaction of aryl halides promoted by NiCl〓/PPh〓/Sm〓.

第二章 研究了二碘化钐、金属钐促进的有机反应：1、二碘化钐促进下α，β-炔基酮的偶联环化反应，提供了一种制备多取代环戊二烯的新方法；2、二碘化钐促进下的二硫醚、二硒醚与α，β-炔基酮的Michael加成反应，为高产率地制备多取代的烯基硫或烯基硒化合物提供了方便可靠的新方法；3、二碘化钐促进下的二硫醚、二硒醚与α，β-炔基酮和醛、酮的Michael—aldol串联反应，提供了一种一锅法高产率地制备多取代的含硫的烯丙基醇或含硒的烯丙基醇类化合物的方便可靠的原子经济性的新方法；4、烯丙基溴化钐与α，β-炔基酮的高度区域选择性的1，2-亲核加成反应；5、NiCl〓/PPh〓/Sm〓促进的卤代芳烃的偶联反应-一种从各种卤代芳烃制备联苯类化合物的有效方法。

Populus alba × berolinensis, Salix babylonica and Quercus mongolica mainly emitted isoprene; Pinus tabulaeformis mainly emitted α-pinene; Ulmus pumila, Gleditsia japonica and Syringa oblate mainly emitted limonene; Ligustrum obtusifolium mainly emitted isoprene, limonene and α-pinene at different time. The highest emission rates were observed for Populus alba × berolinensis and Salix babylonica.

不同树种排放的BVOCs组成明显不同，银中杨、垂柳和蒙古栎以排放异戊二烯为主；油松主要释放α－蒎烯；榆树、皂角和丁香以释放柠檬烯为主；水腊在不同时段其BVOCs组成情况变化较大，主要释放异戊二烯、柠檬烯和α－蒎烯；其中银中杨和垂柳的BVOCs释放量明显高于其它树种。

Research on the Iridoids composition of Valeriana jatamansi Jones in the role of mechanism of action of rat model induced by chronic stress3.1 Effection of Iridoids composition of Valeriana jatamansi Jones on 5-HT and 5-HIAA in colon,serum and central of IBS rats induced by chronic stressMethods:Animals were randomly divided into7 groups:normal group,model group, OSD group,FXT group and Iridoids composition of Valeriana jatamansi Jones groups in quantiy of 24.92mg/kg,12.46mg/kg,6.23mg/kg.

同时，蜘蛛香环烯醚萜可显著降低醋酸所致小鼠的扭体次数，说明其有良好的镇痛作用。3蜘蛛香环烯醚萜治疗肠易激综合征机理3.1蜘蛛香环烯醚萜对5-HT神经递质的影响3.1.1蜘蛛香环烯醚萜对外周和中枢5-HT含量的影响目的：探讨蜘蛛香环烯醚萜对慢性应激所致IBS大鼠结肠、血清和脑中5HT、5-HIAA的影响方法：动物随机分为对照组、模型组、昂丹司琼组、氟西汀组、蜘蛛香环烯醚萜24.92mg/kg、12.46mg/kg、6.23mg/kg组，除对照组外，其余各组进行慢性应激实验。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。