烯

Grasp the electron delocolization theory; be capable of judging the relative stability of allylic and benzylic free radicals and carbocations, know the relative stability of dienes and other multiple unsaturated hydrocarbons; grasp the characteristics for the nucleophilic substitution reactions of allyl halides and benzyl halides, and the addition reactions of conjugate dienes.

掌握电子非定域化理论；能够分析判断烯丙基、苄基自由基和正离子的稳定性和二烯及多重不饱和碳氢化合物的稳定性；掌握烯丙基、苄基卤代物的亲核取代反应特性和共轭二烯的加成反应。

Chemical ingredient of the product: Through the essential oil analysis by SRIFFI (short for " Shanghai Research lnstitute of Fragment ＆ Flavor lndustry "), the main ingredient of Ledum palustre oil is as follows:β-pinene 、 p-cymene 、γ-terpineol 、 4-terpineol 、α-terpineol 、 sabinenol 、 nyrtenal 、 bornyl acetate 、 cuninal.

二、产品的化学成份：经上海香料研究所对杜香油的初步分析，发现该油中主要成份有：β-守烯、对-伞花烯、γ-松油醇、 4-松油醇、α-松油醇、桧醇、桃金娘烯醛、乙酸龙脑酯、格茗醛、γ-松油烯-7-醇、乙酸愈创木酯等成份。

A process for the carbonylation of allylic butenyl ether (for example, methyl crotyl ether, 3-methoxybutene-1 and mixtures thereof) or mixture of butadiene and alcohol and production of beta-gamma unsaturated carboxylic acid esters (for example, methyl-3-pentenoate) utilizing a rhodium-containing catalyst for example, dicarbonylacetylacetonate rhodium(I or the like promoted with an iodide-containing compound (for example, HI, AlI3, SnI4, TiI4, CrI3, and CoI2 or the like).

一种将烯丙型丁烯基醚(如甲基巴豆基醚、3－甲氧基丁烯－1及其混合物)或者丁二烯与醇的混合物羰基化的方法，以及由含碘化物化合物(如HI、AlI3、SnI4、TiI4、CrI3和CoI2或等效物)促进，用含铑催化剂如二羰基乙酰丙酮酸铑(I或其等效物制备β－γ不饱和羧酸酯(如甲基－3－戊烯酸酯)的方法。

However, the first one enzyme 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate synthase gene and the second one enzyme 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate reductoisomerase gene in MEP pathway had been reported and expressed in the latex of rubber tree, indicating that MEP pathway may be involved in rubber biosynthesis.4 - hydroxy -3 - methyl -2 -- butenyl -4 - phosphate reductaseis the last enzyme that catalytic 4 - hydroxy -3 - methyl -(2E)- butenyl -4 - phosphate to generate isopentenyl pyrophosphate.

然而已有报道MEP途径中第1个酶1-脱氧-D-木酮糖-5-磷酸合成酶（1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate synthase，DXS）基因和第2个酶1-脱氧-D-木酮糖-5-磷酸还原酶（1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate reductoisomerase ，DXR）基因在橡胶树胶乳中的表达，这表明MEP途径可能参与橡胶的生物合成。4-羟基-3-甲基-2--丁烯基-4-磷酸还原酶（4-hydroxy -3-methyl-2--butenyl-4-diphosphate reductase，HDR）是异戊烯基焦磷酸合成途径之一甲基赤藓糖磷酸（methylerythritol phosphate，MEP）途径中的最后一个酶，催化4-羟基-3-甲基-(2E)-丁烯基-4-磷酸生成异戊烯基焦磷酸。

Given the current complexity of industrial recovery of 3'-methyl-2'-butenyl 3, 3-dimethyl-pentenoate and the decomposition problems with 2-methyl-1-butene, research was conducted on a process for direct recycling of MBDP involving an ester exchange reaction of MBDP with either methanol, trimethyl orthoacetate, or solutions of methanol and trimethyl orthoacetate.

针对目前工业上回收3，3-二甲基－4-戊烯酸－3'-甲基－2'-丁烯酯工艺复杂、异戊烯大量分解问题，研究了MBDP直接返回循环使用工艺，MBDP与甲醇、原乙酸三甲酯或与甲醇原乙酸三甲酯混合溶液进行酯交换反应的回收新工艺，比较了四异丙基钛酸酯、甲醇钠、氢氧化钾用作酯交换催化剂的效果，筛选出回收MBDP&一锅煮&最佳工艺：按照n：n：n：n＝1.0：9.8：9.2：0.05物质的量比投料，74℃~78℃反应21h，MBDP转化为贲亭酸甲酯和异戊烯醇，单程转化率87.7%，用85%的磷酸中和甲醇钠，蒸出甲醇，直接用于合成贲亭酸甲酯。

ASES is 59% identical to Artemisia cyclase cDNA clone cASC125, 50% identical to epi-cedrol synthase from A. annua, 48% identical to amorpha-4, 11-diene synthase from A. Annua, 39% identical to the 5-epi-aristolechene synthase from tabacco, 38% identical to vetispiradiene synthase from H. Muticus, 41% identical to the δ-cadinene synthase from cotton. The coding region of cDNA was cloned into procaryotic expression vector pET30a and overexpressed in E. coli BL21 (DE3). The cyclase proteins extracted from bacterial culture were found largely in the insoluble protein fraction. The tissue specific expression patterns were analyzed by RT/PCR.

克隆的倍半萜合酶氨基酸序列与烟草马兜铃烯合酶、莨菪岩兰螺旋二烯合酶、棉花杜松烯合酶的一致性分别为39％，38％和41％；与青蒿柏木脑合酶、紫穗槐二烯合酶和一个推测的倍半萜合酶克隆cASC125的一致性为50％，48％和59％。cDNA编码区序列被克隆进原核表达载体pET-30a，并在大肠杆菌BL21（DE3）中诱导表达，但过量表达的蛋白主要是以不溶性蛋白形式存在。

Compounds were determined from more than 3 stages, including germacrene D, caryophyllene, phenol, 2, 6-bis (1, 1-dimethylethyl)-4-methyl-,β-elemene,γ-elemene, 1-octanol, 2-butyl-, dibutyl phthalate, cyclohexane, 1-ethenyl-1-methyl-2-(1-methylethenyl)-4(1-methylethylidene)-and butyl caprylate.

其中，3个时期以上能检测到相同的化学成分有9种，分别是大牻牛儿烯D、丁香烯、2，6-二叔丁基－4-甲基苯酚、β-榄香烯、γ-榄香烯、2-丁基－1-辛醇、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯、1-乙烯基－1-甲基－2-（1-甲基乙烯基）－4-（1-甲基亚乙烯基）环己烷和辛酸丁酯。

The main compositions were trans-β-farnesene,β-pinene, caryophyllene oxide, spathulenol, nerolidol, which were much different from other Compositae plant.

主要成分为反式-α-香柠檬烯、β-蒎烯、石竹烯氧化物、匙叶桉油烯醇、橙花叔醇等，其主要成分与菊科其他植物的明显不同。

The 26 terpenoids in the essential oil extracted from the leaves of Phoebe faberi have been identified by GC-MS technique, such as-S--3,7,11-trimethyl-1,6,10-dodecatrien-3-ol (39.34%),β-caryophyllene (29.18%),-zingiberene (5.16%) and caryophyllene oxide (4.21%).

利用GC-MS联用技术从竹叶楠叶挥发油中鉴定了26个萜类化合物，如---3，7，11-三甲基-1，6，10-十二碳三烯-3-醇（相对含量39.34%）、β-丁香烯（29.18%）、姜烯（5.16%）和氧化丁香烯（4.21%）。

Crotonic acid can be made by crotonaldehyde oxidized,and crotonaldehyde widly exists asthe accessory substance in the chemical enterprises that produce and use aldehyde.

丁烯酸可由丁烯醛氧化制得，而丁烯醛在生产和使用乙醛的化工企业作为副产物广泛存在，是一种需治理的废弃物，我国具有生产丁烯酸的原料条件。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。