烯

Because the olefinic hydroxyl groups are linked with olefinic carbon, so it can ionize H〓 ion and present the properties of weak acid, and so the olefinic hydroxyl groups change into the structure of alcoholate in the presence of alkali , but the structure of alcoholate may change into the structure of olefine alcohol again, after the Na〓 ions is removed, or when the pH value of its solution turn into pH. Because the structure of the olefine alcohol is not stable and is easy to isomerizate to become the structure of olefine ketone, so there appear the ca. 1730cm〓 C=O absorption peak in the IR spectra of the products.

明确指出了在C〓、C〓富勒醇中存在烯碳羟基与叔碳羟基等二类羟基，烯碳羟基由于与一个共轭体系相连，从而其羟基可以离解而呈现出弱酸的性质，因而在碱性条件下易形成烯醇钠盐的结构，当除去钠离子后或在酸性溶液中，烯醇钠盐结构转变为烯醇结构，但由于烯醇结构不如烯酮结构稳定，从而形成烯醇结构后，烯醇结构异构化为烯酮结构，因此在其产物的IR谱图上出现1730cm〓附近的C=0吸收信号。

The results indicated that there were 9 kinds of monoterpenes and 3 kinds of sesquiterpenes were identified both in healthy and weak trees.The components included Thujene,α-Pinene,β-Phellandrene,β-Pinene,Camphene,3-Carene,Limonene, Terpinene,p-Mentha-1,4(8)-diene,Cedrene,Thujopsene andα-Caryophyllene.

结果表明，与健康侧柏相比，衰弱侧柏树干中没有检测到新的化学组分产生，同样是由苧烯、α-蒎烯、莰烯、β-蒎烯、β-水芹烯、3-蒈烯、柠檬烯、萜品烯、p-薄荷-1，4(8)二烯共9种单萜和雪松烯、罗汉柏烯和石竹烯3种倍半萜烯组成。

When the tree changes from health to weak, the main terpene compounds changed, such as the amount of 3-carene, isolimonene,β-pinene, 4-carene were significantly enhanced, and santolina triene,α-fenchene,β-myrcene,β-phellandrene were declined. It will provide a basis for Monochamus urussovi Fischer to select suitable parasitic Picea jezoensis.

鱼鳞云杉树势由健康向衰弱转变时，主要烯萜类化合物含量发生变化，3-蒈烯、异柠檬烯、β-蒎烯、4-蒈烯、α-蒎烯等含量显著上升，而神圣亚麻三烯、α-葑烯、β-月桂烯、β-水芹烯等含量下降，这些烯萜类化合物的变化，为云杉大黑天牛定位选择适宜寄生的鱼鳞云杉提供了依据。

The major products were methane, ethylene, propylene, butylene, butadiene, cyclopentadiene, benzene, toluene, styrene, vinyl-substituted cyclopentene derivatives and C5/C6 isomers (pentadiene, methyl-substituted cyclopentene derivatives, cyclohexene, hexadiene and methyl-substituted cyclopentadiene derivatives), and the main primary products were determined to be C1～C4 compounds, cyclopentadiene, benzene, toluene and vinyl-substituted cyclopentene derivatives.

热裂解主要产物为甲烷、乙烯、丙烯、丁烯、丁二烯、环戊二烯、苯、甲苯、苯乙烯、环戊烯的乙烯基取代物及C5， C6异构体(戊二烯、环戊烯的甲基取代物、环己烯、己二烯和环戊二烯甲基取代物)，其中， C1～C4、环戊二烯、苯、甲苯、乙烯基取代环戊烯为初始产物。

The major products were methane, ethylene, propylene, butylene, butadiene, cyclopentadiene, benzene, toluene, styrene, vinyl-substituted cyclopentene derivatives and C5/C6 isomers pentadiene, met...

热裂解主要产物为甲烷、乙烯、丙烯、丁烯、丁二烯、环戊二烯、苯、甲苯、苯乙烯、环戊烯的乙烯基取代物及C5，C6异构体(戊二烯、环戊烯的甲基取代物、环己烯、己二烯和环戊二烯甲基取代物)，其中，C1～C4、环戊二烯、苯、甲苯、乙烯基取代环戊烯为初始产物。

In a climatically controlled chamber (28±1℃, L16:D8), E. splendens was planted in pots containing mixed vermiculite and perlite without Cu. At about 220 d after seeding, plants (around 65 cm in height) were used to collect their volatile using SPME. Eleven chemicals were identified using GC-MS, p-pinene, D-limonene, elsholtzia ketone, dehydro elsholtzia ketone,γ-elemene, humulene, caryophyllene, a-caryophyllene, and three sesquiterpenes. The most abundant volatiles were caryophyllene and y-elemene, followed by humulene and a-caryophyllene.

室内在不含Cu的蛭石和珍珠岩混合基质中种植海州香薷，用固相微萃取法收集健康植株(株龄220余天，株高65cm左右)的挥发物，采用GC-MS法识别出11种主要组分，从中鉴定出β-蒎烯，D-柠檬烯，香薷酮，脱氢香薷酮，γ-榄香烯，蛇麻烯，石竹烯，α-石竹烯(α-caryophyllene)，以及三种倍半萜类化合物，其中石竹烯和γ-榄香烯含量高，其次为蛇麻烯和α-石竹烯。

The results of in situ DRIFTS on propylene oxidation show that the allyl species originated from α-H abstraction of propylene were located at the wavenumbers of 1454 cm~(-1) and 1427 cm~(-1). The rate-determining step is the abstraction of an α-H abstraction from a lattice oxygen linked to a bismuth ion to form a π-allyl intermediate coordinated to a molybdenum ion. The metal-oxo group then attacks the allyl intermediate forming a σ-bonded oxygen-allyl species, which is in a rapid equilibrium with the π- bonded species. The σ-bonded species then transforms to acrolein by further abstraction of α-H. Such species as formate, carboxylate, carbonate transform to deep oxidation products. The acetone was derived from propylene by an enolic species at lower temperatures.

丙烯氧化反应体系的原位漫反射红外光谱研究结果表明，由丙烯脱氢生成的烯丙基中间物种吸收峰在1454cm~(-1)和1427cm~(-1)处；基于此提出了较完整的丙烯氧化反应网络：丙烯选择氧化生成丙烯醛主要经历丙烯脱除甲基上的一个H，生成烯丙基物种，该物种嵌氧生成σ-O络合物，脱氢得到丙烯醛前驱体，脱附生成丙烯醛；完全氧化产物是由催化剂表面上生成甲酸盐、羧酸盐、碳酸盐等形式的中间物种转化而成；较低反应温度下丙烯氧化生成丙酮，通过烯醇式中间物种氧化生成丙酮前驱体得到。

Forbesii, monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes account for 41.30% and 32.65%, respectively, in which (1R)-α-pinene (3.98%), sabinene (2.51%),(1S)-β-pinene (5.78%), m-cymene (4.05%), limonene (3.55%), 3, 7-dimethyl-1, 3, 7-octatriene (3.98%),γ-terpinene (8.70%), anisole (1.78%) and (1S)-endo-bornyl acetate (2.62%) as the monoterpenes and its derivatives, and-β-elemene (1.17%),α-bulnesene (1.40%),-β-bisabolene (1.21%),-elemol (1.42%), guaiol (1.14%), dehydroxyisocalamendiol (1.13%),-aristolene (1.99%), bulnesol (9.48%),γ-eudesmol (1.77%), guai-1(10)-en-11-ol (1.12%) and α-bisabolol (5.35 %) as the sesquiterpenes and its derivatives are the main components.

1R-α-蒎烯(3·98 %)、桧烯(2·51 %)、(1S)-β-蒎烯(5·78 %)、m-月桂烯(4·05 %)、柠檬烯(3·55 %)、3，7-二甲基-1，3，7-庚三烯(3·98 %)、γ-萜品烯(8·70 %)、茴香醚(1·78 %)和(1S)-桥环醋酸冰片酯(2·62 %)为单萜类化合物及其衍生物中的主要成分；-β-榄香烯(1·17 %)、异愈创木烯(1·40 %)、-β-没药烯(1·21 %)、-榄香醇(1·42 %)、愈创木醇(1·14 %)、去羟基异菖蒲二醇(1·13 %)、-土青木香烯(1·99 %)、异愈创木醇(9·48 %)、γ-桉醇(1·77 %)、愈创木-1(10)-烯-11-醇(1·12 %)和α-没药醇(5·35 %)为倍半萜类化合物及其衍生物中的主要成分。

Study result suggest: The change of stock in RFCCU directly affect gasoline content. Gasoline content can be reduced through increasing the equilibrium activity of catalyst, controlling reaction level, increasing recirculating rate of gasoline and stability of gasoline level. Conclusions drawn from experiment is that optimization of operating condition has great effect on lowering olefine content of gasoline which can be reduced from 60% to 50%.Reducing reaction temperature is useful for lowering olefine content of gasoline, when the reaction temperature is raised, thermal cracking rate is higher than catalytic cracking rate, so that olefine content is increased. Raising catalyst-to-oil ratio is good for lowering olefine content. With conversion rate increased, the yield of LPG and coke is raised, the yield of gasoline is increased firstly and then decreased slightly, hydrogen transfer index is increased, so the olefine content is decreased.

研究结果表明：催化裂化装置的原料的变化直接影响到催化汽油的烯烃含量；可以通过优化催化装置的操作条件来降低催化汽油中的烯烃含量，其中通过提高催化剂平衡活性、控制反应深度、增加汽油回炼量、汽油深度稳定可以降低催化汽油烯烃含量，优化工艺条件对降低催化汽油烯烃含量有较大作用，汽油烯烃含量由60％降至50％左右；降低反应温度有利于降低催化汽油的烯烃含量，当反应温度的提高，热裂化反应速度提高的幅度大于催化裂化反应速度提高的幅度，汽油烯烃含量增加；剂油比的提高有利于降低催化汽油的烯烃含量，转化率提高，液化气产率提高，汽油收率先增加后略有下降，焦炭产率增加，氢转移反应指数提高，汽油烯烃含量下降；反应时间对产品分布及汽油烯烃含量有影响，增加提升管反应时间，液化汽、汽油产率提高，干气和焦炭产率增加。

The EAG results showed that no significant difference between female and male S.bifasciatus.The EAG responses of S.bifasciatus to 3-Carene,Limonene,Terpinene and Thujopsene were increased with the concentration respecitively within the range of 1/1000-1/10.The results of "Y" tube olfactory bioassay showed the pests can be attracted by 1/100 Limonene,3-Carene and Thujopsene.Original and 1/10 Terpinene was the best. In addition,the extracts of A2 and D1 also caused positive attraction to S.bifasciatus,while the extracts by SE and SDE were non-attractive.

触角电位测定结果表明，双条杉天牛雌雄成虫对样品的EAG反应无显著差异。1/10浓度的3-蒈烯、柠檬烯、萜品烯和罗汉柏烯的EAG值最大。Y型嗅觉行为生测结果表明，1/100浓度的柠檬烯、3-蒈烯和罗汉柏烯对天牛有明显引诱效果，萜品烯则是原液和1/10浓度的引诱效果最好；α-蒎烯和β-蒎烯无明显引诱效果。4种提取方法中，改装简易蒸馏法样品(A2)和超临界CO_2萃取样品(D1)对天牛具有明显引诱作用；索氏提取物和并时蒸馏萃取物无引诱效果。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。