热那亚

Based on A.Greif's study of the relation between cultural tradition and institutional changes, this paper, utilizing game theory and historical evidences, discussed the different cultural tradition of Genoa and Maghribi traders in late Middle Ages and its effects on the selection of economic institution, political system and social structural changes, and gave a new explanation for the source of the ramifications in the institution changes of the East and the West.

本文以格瑞夫关于文化传统与制度变迁关系问题的研究为基础，运用了博弈论与历史经验的归纳性分析相结合的研究方法，以中世纪晚期的热那亚和马格里布为典型案例，对不同文化传统对经济制度、政治体制和社会结构变迁所产生的影响，进行了深入具体的历史比较制度分析，并进一步对东西方国家长期制度变迁出现轨迹分叉的根源，提出了全新的说明与阐释。

Born in Genoa, Italy, October 27, 1782, Nicolo Paganini started playing the violin at the age of six.

一七八二年十月二十七日，帕格尼尼出生于意大利的热那亚，六岁开始拉小提琴。

The Grifoni will host Juve next weekend and 'Palla' is confident that he knows how to stun his former club.

热那亚周末在主场迎战尤文，帕拉相信他知道如何击败老东家。

GENOA - Carlo Ancelotti spoke to the Milan Channel after the Sampdoria defeat:' It's a shame as Milan played well, we showed a will and refound the aggression that was missing in previous games.

热那亚---在对桑普多利亚的比赛失利后卡尔洛-安切洛蒂对米兰频道说：这是一个羞愧，因为米兰踢得很好，我们展现出了意志和重新找回了在前几场比赛中所缺少的攻势。

When at the end of the thirteenth and the beginning of the fourteenth century several provinces of the order were divided, other studia were established at Naples, Florence, Genoa, Toulouse, Barcelona, and Salamanca.

当在去年底第十三并开始14世纪的几个省份的秩序被划分外，其他studia建立在那不勒斯，佛罗伦萨，热那亚，图卢兹，巴塞罗那，萨拉曼卡。

A form of banking had been practised in Genoa and elsewhere in Italy since the middle of the 12th century. In 1401, a bank the Taula de la Ciutat was founded in Barcelona, in effect to act as the treasury of the government of Catalonia.

自12世纪中叶开始，意大利热那亚和其它地区就已开始实行一种早期银行模式。1401年，一家名为Taula de la Ciutat的银行成立于巴塞罗那，实际上是充当加泰罗尼亚政府国库的作用。

In 1352 the Ottomans granted their first commercial capitulation to Genoa.

在1352年的土耳其人给予其首次商业投降热那亚。

The more famous Barbaresk privateers, venerated heroes to the Muslim world, were much feared as they attacked vessels from Genoa and Venice in search for their favourite booty: men to be sold as slaves or traded for ransom.

更加有名的&野蛮人&掠夺者，在穆斯林世界是受到推崇的英雄们，被人们深深惧怕。他们攻击来自热那亚和威尼斯的船只，肆意争夺战利品：可被卖做奴隶或换取赎金的人。

Having shrugged off Mourinho's sideswipes, Ferrara turned his attention to the matter at hand, namely Sunday night's visit to Palermo.

最近尤文连续踢平波尔多，博洛尼亚，热那亚，拜仁慕尼黑。这已经让他们失去了意甲的领先位置。

The funeral was presided over by Cardinal Bertone, archbishop of Genoa, who on several occasions had met with Sister Lucia, the last time in 2003, when the Carmelite gave him her walking stick so that he could give it to John Paul II.

葬礼由热那亚红衣主教伯顿主持，有几次场合与露西娅修女见过面，最后一次是在2003年，卡梅尔派的僧侣把她步行用的节杖送给他，这样他就可以交给教宗约翰保罗二世。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。