热辐射

In this dissertation,preparation and thermoelectric characterization of conventional silicon-based materials and devices have been studied, including amorphous silicon films, polycrystalline silicon germanium films and amorphous silicon thin-film-transistors. A novel MEMS-IC integration method based on porous silicon micromachining has been developed, which is used to fabricate resistive bolometers with a-Si and polySiGe films, and a-Si TFT-based room-temperature infrared detector pixels and 8×8 arrays with primary capability of thermal imaging have been reported for the first time.

本文深入系统地研究了a-Si薄膜、polySiGe薄膜和a-Si TFT等三种常规硅基材料和器件的制备方法和热电特性，开发了一套新型的基于多孔硅牺牲层技术的MEMS-IC集成工艺，利用该工艺成功地制作了a-Si和polySiGe薄膜电阻式测辐射热计，在国际上首次提出并实现了基于a-Si TFT的室温红外探测器单元与8×8阵列原型，器件初步具备了室温红外热成像的能力。

The heat receiver cavity radiation mathematical model and the gas tube heat model were established.

建立了太阳能热动力发电系统吸热器腔体辐射模型，结合换热管的传热模型计算了吸热器的传热过程。

Datacolor company's main production for electricity, chemicals, petroleum, metallurgy, shipbuilding, railways, nuclear power, military and other basic industrial sector control system used special cables, including fire-resistant fire-retardant series, cross-linked column, high temperature series resistance, low temperature series, radiation-resistant series, waterproof series, Low Smoke low halogen series, low smoke zero halogen series more than a dozen major categories, such as nuclear power stations with cables, military cables, towing cables, specifically to replace imported cables, waterproof underwater cables, electronic computer shielded cable, control cables, low smoke zero halogen cable category, compensation wire, cable, high-temperature fire cable, high-frequency heating and hot with cable, RF cable, high flexible cables, the security cable, instrument signal cables, marine cables, Oilfield cables, signal cables, communication cables, sensor cables, control cables, power cables, thermocouple, thermal resistance and so on.

德塔公司主营生产用于电力、化工、石油、冶金、船舶、铁路、核电、军工等基础工业部门控制系统中所采用的特种电缆，包括耐火阻燃系列、交联系列、耐高温系列、耐低温系列、耐辐射系列、防水系列、低烟低卤系列、低烟无卤系列等十几个大类的核电站用电缆、军工电缆、拖曳电缆、专门替代进口电缆、水下防水电缆、电子计算机屏蔽电缆、控制电缆、低烟无卤类电缆、补偿导线、电缆、高温防火电缆、高频加热和伴热电缆、射频电缆、高柔性电缆、本安电缆、仪表信号电缆、船用电缆、油田电缆、信号电缆、通讯电缆、传感器电缆、程控电缆、电力电缆、热电偶、热电阻等。

Typically, objects emit X-ray radiation as synchrotron emission (produced by electrons oscillating around magnetic field lines), thermal emission from thin gases (called bremsstrahlung radiation ) that is above 107 (10 million) kelvins , and thermal emission from thick gases that are above 107 Kelvin.

通常情况下，物体发出的X射线同步辐射发射（电子振荡所产生的磁场线左右），热气体排放的薄是上述107 （ 10万美元） kelvins和热气体排放的厚的上述107开尔文。

Techniques and processes of activation for micas have been investigated. The optimum temperature of muscovite, sericite and illite is different, and at the temperatures the micas are mostly dehydroxylated, but still remain the basic layer structure. Some heat-induced phenomena can be observed in thermal-treated products, and the release potassium is principally slowly available potassium.

对云母样品活化释钾的方法进行了探讨，发现白云母、绢云母和伊利石的最佳释钾活化温度，该温度下云母部分脱羟，但仍保持了原有的基本结构，透射电镜下可见脱羟引起的辐射损伤、热致的晶格位错等结构现象；热产物中速效钾、特别是缓效钾量增加显著。

This invention relates to a method and device for generating cold atomic beam. Said method includes heating hot atom source in vacuum chamber to form atomic saturated vapor pressure atmosphere, cooling hot atom by three-D MOT to below 200uk and trapped to form cold atomic cloud, by the quarter wave plate reflection mirror in MOT the laser radiation pressure being unbalanced to make cold atom emitting along said direction, four tape arranged straight line set with contrary current direction is set in atom beam emission direction, which makes the atom emitted to forward to obtain cold atom beam with low speed, large flux and small transverse speed, laser beam vertical with atom beam set in the direction of cold atom emitting for atom beam state preparation to realize state concordant emitted cold atom beam.

本发明涉及一种冷原子束产生方法和装置，该方法包括在抽真空的真空室内，加热热原子源，在真空室中形成相应的原子饱和蒸汽压气氛；采用三维MOT对热原子进行冷却，冷却到200μk以下，并被捕获形成冷原子云团；通过三维MOT中开小孔的四分之一波片反射镜，而使得在该方向上激光辐射压力不平衡，使冷原子沿此方向出射；在冷原子束出射方向上，还置有载有彼此电流方向相反的四根成锥形排列的直导线，从而原子出射时将在磁场的作用下，不会沿横向膨胀而向前射出；便得到了出射速度低的、通量较大的、横向速度非常小的连续冷原子束；同时在冷原子束的出射方向上，设置有与原子束垂直的激光束，用于原子束的态制备，实现态一致的出射冷原子束。

In this work, vanadium oxide thin films were deposited by using direct current facing targets magnetron sputtering and ion beam sputtering.

氧化钒薄膜具有高的电阻温度系数，是制备微测辐射热计的理想热敏感材料。

The effects of SiO_2 substrate and Si_3N_4 substrate on composition of vanadium oxide thin films deposited using direct current facing targets magnetron sputtering at high substrate temperature were investigated.

高的电阻温度系数和良好的绝热结构是获得高性能微测辐射热计的前提。

Light - heat - electricity conversion of solar radiation through the use of thermal energy generated by power generation, is normally provided by solar collectors to heat absorbed by refrigerant into steam, and steam turbine-driven power generation.

光-热-电转换方式通过利用太阳辐射产生的热能发电，一般是由太阳能集热器将所吸收的热能转换成工质的蒸气，再驱动汽轮机发电。

The effect of indoor mean radiant temperature on human thermal sensation was analyzed,according to the theory of thermal comfort.

根据热舒适性理论分析室内平均辐射温度对人体热感觉的影响。

The basic concept of FOP can be summarized as to further optimize effective prescription according to the standard of curative effects and with the aid of modern science and technology and theories of traditional Chinese medicine.

其基本内涵可概括为：以确有疗效的中药复方为研究对象，以现代科学技术和传统中医药理论为技术支持，以该复方所治病证的药效响应为评价标准，以优化重组疗效更优的新复方为研究目的。

Ever since our world has been a world, native forests have been indiscriminately exploited by man.

自从我们的世界一直是世界原生森林被任意剥削人。