热离子

The compound is an ionic compound consisting of a cation NH(subscript 4 superscript +) and an anion C6H2N3O(subscript 9 superscript -), and it is the mono-substituted salt of TNPG. Since the existence of complicated hydrogen bond networks and electrostatic attraction between NH(subscript 4 superscript +) cation and C6H2N3O(subscript 9 superscript -) canion, the compound possesses better stability and low sensitivity.

该化合物是由一个铵根离子与一个一价的三硝基均苯三酚负离子相结合而形成的离子型化合物，分子中存在的大量氢键及铵根离子与三硝基均苯三酚负离子之间的静电引力使得该化合物具有较高的热稳定性和较低的感度。

HCD is a thin film deposition process based on hollow hot cathode ion-electron beam and ion plating techniques.

空心阴极放电离子镀技术，是在空心热阴极离子电子束技术和离子镀技术的基础上发展起来的一种薄膜沉积工艺。

The SI source is an array of microhotplates fabricated by microelectromechanical systems process. Besides as an ionizer, this source acts as an ion grid which can be used to inject ions into the drift region of drift tube periodically.

表面离化源为采用微机电系统工艺加工的微热板阵列，除了作为离子产生器，还作为漂移管的一个离子栅，用以实现离子向漂移区的注入。

The results showed that the water retentiveness of soybean separation protein was the best, followed by casein, and pH value, metal ions such as Ca2+, Mg2+, Zn2+, and Na+, etc. had some effects on the water retentiveness, with effects differed greatly among these factors; the emul...

结果表明：大豆分离蛋白的持水性能较好，其次为酪蛋白，pH值、金属离子Ca2+、Mg2+、Zn2+、Na+等对持水性有一定的影响，呈现较大差异；大豆分离蛋白的乳化性能较好，其次为酪蛋白、乳清蛋白，动物蛋白较差，在影响乳化性能中金属离子以多价离子为主要因素；大豆蛋白的热稳定性较差，酪蛋白和动物蛋白较好。

The effect of zeolites ion-exchanged by transition metals on thermal catalytic cracking reaction is studied. The product distributions of the cracking reactions catalyzed by theβor ZSM-5 zeolites exchanged with transition metals are different from that catalyzed by corresponding Hzeolites, which means the mechanism of cracking reactions has varied. Group Ⅷ metals Fe, Co, Ni and Cu, Zn are shown to be of strong catalytic activity of oxidative dehydrogenation, while Ti and Cr are not of oxidative activity. Catalyzed by zeolites or catalyst containing Ag, conversion of thermal catalytic cracking reactions and the yield of ethylene increase while the yield of propylene does not decrease. Silver can not only promote the formation of carbonium ion, but also convert carbonium ion into free-radical via redox reaction. The weak adsorption of olefins on silver reduces the occurrence of hydrogen transfer and dehydrogenation. As a result, the yield of light olefins is favored by silver in the catalyst.

采用过渡金属交换的分子筛作为催化剂，进行催化热裂解制取乙烯的反应，研究发现，在β沸石分子筛和ZSM-5分子筛中引入过渡金属后，催化热裂解反应的产物分布与相应的氢型分子筛相比有了较大的变化，说明过渡金属的加入对于催化热裂解反应的机理具有影响，Ⅷ族金属如Fe、Co、Ni和第Ⅰ、Ⅱ副族Cu、Zn表现出较强的氧化脱氢活性，产物中氢气、焦炭的产率很高，Ti、Cr则未表现出氧化作用：分子筛及催化剂中引入银后，催化热裂解反应的转化率和乙烯的产率有了提高，丙烯产率没有很大的变化，说明银在催化热裂解反应中能够促进正碳离子的生成，又有可能通过氧化-还原作用部分改变反应机理，促进了自由基的生成，并且由于银对烯烃的吸附很弱，其氢转移反应和脱氢、加氢活性比较低，有利于烯烃产率的提高。

In this thesis, a series of complexes based on aromatic multicarboxylic acids have been successfully synthesized in solutions or under hydrothermal conditions. Their structure and properties are investigated.(1) Eight complex compounds have been synthesized and characterized by X-ray single crystal diffractive technology: The eight complexes are listed as following: [Cu242] complex 1 [Cd22(H2O)4]·4H2O complex 2 [Co(H2btc)(H2O)3] complex 3 [Co2(H2O)2]·H2O complex 4 [Ni22(H2O)4] complex 5 [Cu22(H2O)4] complex 6 [Co(H2biim)2(H2O)2](H2btc) complex 7 [Zn(H2biim)2(H2O)2](H2btc) complex 8 The structure of complex 1 is dinuclear complex resulted from weak interactions（0-D chain）; complex 2 is 1-D chain stucture result from interactions of water molecules; complex 3、4、5、6 are coordination polymers using hydrothermal synthses, where the first kind ligand is H4btc, the second kind ligand is phen and Co2+、Ni2+、Cu2+ as center ions, respectively. While the coordination enviroment of Co2+ is the same in complex 3, the coordination geometries around the Co atoms in complex 4 are obviously different because of the different reaction conditions. In complex 4, the 1-D chains are connected into 2-D layer through carboxy groups of ligand H4btc. The structures of complex 5、6 are 1-D chain stucture result from interactions of carboxy groups in ligand H4btc. Complex 7、8 are homeomorphy compounds. Either of them are linked to the 3-D chains through intermolecular hydrogen bonds. Each H4btc lose two protons and H2btc2- acts as negative electron balance.

合成了8个结构新颖的配合物，并用X-射线单晶结构分析方法确定了晶体结构，分别为： [Cu242] 配合物1 [Cd22(H2O)4]·4H2O 配合物2 [Co(H2btc)(H2O)3] 配合物3 [Co2(H2O)2]·H2O 配合物4 [Ni22(H2O)4] 配合物5 [Cu22(H2O)4] 配合物6 [Co(H2biim)2(H2O)2](H2btc)配合物7 [Zn(H2biim)2(H2O)2](H2btc)配合物8 配合物1是一个依靠弱作用连接的双核铜结构；配合物2借助水分子形成一维链状结构；配合物3、4、5、6是以H4btc为第一配体、phen为第二配体，通过水热法合成的配合物，其中，Co2+、Ni2+、Cu2+为中心离子；配合物3中的二价钴离子具有相同的配位环境，不同反应条件下得到的配合物4中的二价钴离子存在不同的配位环境，在配合物4中，一维链通过H4btc上的羧基形成一个二维层结构；配合物5、6是借助H4btc上的羧基形成的一维链状结构；配合物7、8属于异质同晶结构，它们的分子通过分子间氢键形成三维网状结构，H4btc上的羧基失去2个质子，作为一个二价负离子起到电荷平衡作用。

In the thesis, a series of novel single and multi-armed oxadiazole bridging ligands and pyridyl-4, 5-imidazole dicarboxylic acid ligands have been synthesized. The coordination chemistry of these novel ligands with transition metal ions was investigated. In addition, two 1, 3, 4-oxadiazole bridging ligands end-capped by chelating Schiff-base coordination sites have been designed and synthesized. The coordination chemistry based on one of the two ligands with metal ions was primarily investigated.

本文报道了一系列新颖的含1， 3， 4-Oxadiazole杂环的单臂及多臂有机配体，研究了它们与过渡金属离子的配位反应化学；合成了吡啶基-4，5-咪唑二羧酸有机配体，研究了它们在水热条件下与过渡金属离子的配位反应化学；另外，还合成了1， 3， 4-Oxadiazloe杂环桥联的双Schiff-base有机配体，初步探讨了其与过渡金属离子的配位反应化学。

It has been successfully applied in the fields of high-performance carbon fiber, needle coke used for ultrahigh power electrode, anode of rechargeable lithium-ion batteries, activated carbon with super-high surface area, catalyst supports and carbon foams、 In this paper, the effects of raw materials and pyrolysis conditions including heat-treatment temperature, pressure and time on the formation and development of carbonaceous mesophase were discussed in detail Since complex constitutes of raw material, various reactions and phases are involved in the process of mesophase evolution, we suggest that a given carbonaceous mesophase product should be manufactured by selecting raw materials and setting pyrocondensation conditions according to the specific requirement of the product, so that products with the best structure and performance could be obtained.

它在高性能炭纤维、超高功率电极用针状焦、锉离子二次电池负极、超高比表面积活性炭及催化剂载体、泡沫炭等领域得到了较好的应用。综述了原料和热缩聚条件对炭质中间相形成和发展的影响，这些影响因素包括原料的种类、热缩聚温度、反应压力和保温时间等。通过讨论指出，由于炭质中间相涉及的原料种类多样，热缩聚制备过程中涉及的反应、物相复杂，因此，在制备特定性能的产品时，应针对产品的特定性能要求来选择原料、设定热缩聚条件，以制得具有最佳结构和性能的产品。

Based on ion exchange equilibrium,the influence of eluant concentration and resin capacity on adjusted retention volumes was examined.

导出了测定离子交换反应热的方程，测定了在碳酸钠溶液中在季铵二型强碱性阴离子交换树脂上F－、Cl－、NO－2、HPO42－、Br－、NO－3和SO42－的离子交换反应热。

We also obtained rare-earth ions and transition metal ions doped 〓 in the hydrothermal system and found there exist a reductive atmosphere which can reduce the rare-earth ions.

结果发现，在水热体系中存在一种还原气氛，稀土离子可以被还原为低价态，存在变价的过渡金属离子锰离子在产物中还是保持原来的低价态。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。